Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/furibeudaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *furi- +‎ *beudaną.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˌɸu.ri.ˈbeu̯.ðɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*furibeudaną

to forbid, prohibit, command against (doing something)

Inflection

Conjugation of *furibeudaną (strong class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*furibeudō	*furibeudaų	—	*furibeudai	?
2nd singular	*furibiudizi	*furibeudaiz	*furibeud	*furibeudazai	*furibeudaizau
3rd singular	*furibiudidi	*furibeudai	*furibeudadau	*furibeudadai	*furibeudaidau
1st dual	*furibeudōz	*furibeudaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*furibeudadiz	*furibeudaidiz	*furibeudadiz	—	—
1st plural	*furibeudamaz	*furibeudaim	—	*furibeudandai	*furibeudaindau
2nd plural	*furibiudid	*furibeudaid	*furibiudid	*furibeudandai	*furibeudaindau
3rd plural	*furibeudandi	*furibeudain	*furibeudandau	*furibeudandai	*furibeudaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*furibaud	*furibudį̄
2nd singular	*furibaust	*furibudīz
3rd singular	*furibaud	*furibudī
1st dual	*furibudū	*furibudīw
2nd dual	*furibududiz	*furibudīdiz
1st plural	*furibudum	*furibudīm
2nd plural	*furibudud	*furibudīd
3rd plural	*furibudun	*furibudīn

	present	past
participles	*furibeudandz	*furibudanaz

Derived terms

*furibudą

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *furibeudan
- Old English: forbēodan
  - Middle English: forbeoden, forbeden, vorbeoden, verbeode, forboden, forbuden, forbiden, forbidden
    - English: forbid
    - Scots: forbede, forbeid, forbid, forbyd
- Old Frisian: forbiada
- Old Saxon: farbiodan
  - Middle Low German: vörbēden, vorbēden, vorbeeden, vorbeyden, vorbeiden, vorbīden, verbēden
    - Low German: vorbeden, verbeden
    - → Old Swedish: forbiuþa (or perhaps from Old English)
      - Swedish: förbjuda
        → Elfdalian: febiuoða
- Old Dutch: *farbiodan
  - Middle Dutch: verbieden
    - Dutch: verbieden
      - Afrikaans: verbied
    - Limburgish: verbijje
- Old High German: firbiotan, furibiotan
  - Middle High German: verbieten
    - Cimbrian: borpòotan
    - German: verbieten
    - Luxembourgish: verbidden
Old Norse: fyrirbjóða, forbjóða (descendants influenced by Middle Low German)
- Icelandic: fyrirbjóða, forbjóða
- Norwegian:
  - Norwegian Bokmål: forby
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: forby, forbyde, forbyda
- Old Danish: forbiudhe^[1]
  - Danish: forbyde
- Swedish: förbjuda
Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌱𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽 (faurbiudan)

References

^ “forbyde” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

[1] “forbyde” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

[1]

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/furibeudaną

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