Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/glōdijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *glōdiz (“glow”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɣlɔː.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*glōdijaną^[1]

to glow, to sparkle

Conjugation

Conjugation of *glōdijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*glōdijō	*glōdijaų	—	*glōdijai	?
2nd singular	*glōdīsi	*glōdijais	*glōdī	*glōdijasai	*glōdijaisau
3rd singular	*glōdīþi	*glōdijai	*glōdijaþau	*glōdijaþai	*glōdijaiþau
1st dual	*glōdijōs	*glōdijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*glōdijaþiz	*glōdijaiþiz	*glōdijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*glōdijamaz	*glōdijaim	—	*glōdijanþai	*glōdijainþau
2nd plural	*glōdīþ	*glōdijaiþ	*glōdīþ	*glōdijanþai	*glōdijainþau
3rd plural	*glōdijanþi	*glōdijain	*glōdijanþau	*glōdijanþai	*glōdijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*glōdidǭ	*glōdidēdį̄
2nd singular	*glōdidēz	*glōdidēdīz
3rd singular	*glōdidē	*glōdidēdī
1st dual	*glōdidēdū	*glōdidēdīw
2nd dual	*glōdidēdudiz	*glōdidēdīdiz
1st plural	*glōdidēdum	*glōdidēdīm
2nd plural	*glōdidēdud	*glōdidēdīd
3rd plural	*glōdidēdun	*glōdidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*glōdijandz	*glōdidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *glōdijan
- Old English: *glēdan
  - ⇒ Old English: geglēdan
Old Norse: glœða
- Icelandic: glæða
- Norwegian:
  Bokmål: gløde
  
  Nynorsk: gløde, gløda
- Swedish: glöde
- Danish: gløde

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*glōdjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 137

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*glōdjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 137

[1]