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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰrewd-, *gʰer- (to rub, grind, remove). Cognate with Lithuanian grūsti (to crush, tamp), Russian гру́да (grúda, pile, heap).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɣreu̯.tɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*greutaną

  1. to grind, crush

Inflection

Conjugation of *greutaną (strong class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *greutō *greutaų *greutai ?
2nd singular *griutizi *greutaiz *greut *greutazai *greutaizau
3rd singular *griutidi *greutai *greutadau *greutadai *greutaidau
1st dual *greutōz *greutaiw
2nd dual *greutadiz *greutaidiz *greutadiz
1st plural *greutamaz *greutaim *greutandai *greutaindau
2nd plural *griutid *greutaid *griutid *greutandai *greutaindau
3rd plural *greutandi *greutain *greutandau *greutandai *greutaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *graut *grutį̄
2nd singular *graust *grutīz
3rd singular *graut *grutī
1st dual *grutū *grutīw
2nd dual *grutudiz *grutīdiz
1st plural *grutum *grutīm
2nd plural *grutud *grutīd
3rd plural *grutun *grutīn
present past
participles *greutandz *grutanaz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *greutan
    • Old High German: *griozan

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*greutan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 189
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ʒreutanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 142