grind

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See also: Grind and grínd

English

English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology 1

From Middle English grynden, from Old English grindan, from Proto-West Germanic *grindan, from Proto-Germanic *grindaną.

Cognate with Saterland Frisian gríende, griene (“to grind, mill”), Dutch grinden (“to grind”, rare) and grind (“gravel, shingle”), Albanian grind (“to brawl, fight”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɡɹaɪnd/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -aɪnd

Verb

grind (third-person singular simple present grinds, present participle grinding, simple past and past participle ground or grinded) (see usage notes below)

  1. (transitive) To reduce to smaller pieces by crushing with lateral motion.
  2. (transitive) To shape with the force of friction.
    grind a lens; grind an axe
  3. (metalworking) To remove material by rubbing with an abrasive surface.
  4. (intransitive) To become ground, pulverized, or polished by friction.
    This corn grinds well.
    Steel grinds to a sharp edge.
  5. To move with much difficulty or friction; to grate.
  6. (sports, intransitive) To slide the flat portion of a skateboard or snowboard across an obstacle such as a railing.
  7. (transitive) To oppress, hold down or weaken.
  8. (slang, intransitive) To rotate the hips erotically.
    • 1984, Prince (lyrics and music), “Darling Nikki”, in Purple Rain, performed by Prince and the Revolution:
      She said, "How'd you like to waste some time?" / And I could not resist when I saw little Nikki grind
  9. (slang) To dance in a sexually suggestive way with both partners in very close proximity, often pressed against each other.
  10. (video games) To repeat a task a large number of times in a row to achieve a specific goal.
    These enemies give lots of loot when killed, so many players fight them to grind for resources.
    The first level of the game is the best place to grind extra lives.
    • 2013, Will Luton, Free-to-Play: Making Money From Games You Give Away, New Riders, →ISBN, page 38:
      Similarly, nearly all massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs), such as Dungeons & Dragons Online, feature grind: Players repeat tasks, or often “quests”, to gain in-game currency to spend on weapons or other ancillary items.
    • 2015 February 14, Steven Strom, “Evolve Review: Middle of the food chain”, in Ars Technica‎:
      To extend the variety past that, you'll need to unlock new units in each class, meaning you have to grind through the rather lengthy process of using every one of your class’ weapons and skills significantly across several matches.
  11. (transitive) To operate by turning a crank.
    to grind an organ
  12. To produce mechanically and repetitively as if by turning a crank.
  13. (computing, dated) To automatically format and indent code.
  14. To instill through repetitive teaching.
    Grinding lessons into students' heads does not motivate them to learn.
  15. (slang, Hawaii) To eat.
    Eh, brah, let's go grind.
  16. (intransitive, slang) To work or study hard; to hustle or drudge.
    • 1862, Frederic W. Farrar, St. Winifred's: or the World of School:
      One evening, during evening work, Charlie was trying hard to do the verses which had been set to his form. […] Wilton, whose conduct had been more impertinent than that of any one else, said to Charlie—
      “I say, young Evson, how you are grinding.”
      “I have these verses to do,” said Charlie simply.
  17. (transitive, slang) To annoy or irritate (a person); to grind one's gears.
    • 2003, Steven Wunderink, Minding Your Spiritual Business: Life Stories with Life Sense, page 139:
      I need to pontificate on something that really grinds me. So here goes. I am sick and tired of lazy thinkers using the defense of “legislated morality.”
Usage notes
  • In the sports and video game senses, the past participle and past tense form grinded is often used instead of the irregular form ground.
  • Historically, there also existed a past participle form grounden, but it is now archaic or obsolete.
  • When used to denote sexually suggestive dancing between two partners, the past participle and past tense form grinded is almost always used.
Conjugation
Strong conjugation (all other senses)
Conjugation of grind
infinitive (to) grind
present tense past tense
1st-person singular grind ground
2nd-person singular grind, grindest† ground, groundst†, groundest†
3rd-person singular grinds, grindeth† ground
plural grind
subjunctive grind ground
imperative grind —
participles grinding ground, grounden†

†Archaic or obsolete.

Weak conjugation (sports, video games, dance move)
Conjugation of grind
infinitive (to) grind
present tense past tense
1st-person singular grind grinded
2nd-person singular
3rd-person singular grinds
plural grind
subjunctive grind grinded
imperative grind —
participles grinding grinded
Derived terms
Translations
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Noun

grind (countable and uncountable, plural grinds)

  1. The act of reducing to powder, or of sharpening, by friction.
  2. Something that has been reduced to powder, something that has been ground.
  3. A specific degree of pulverization of coffee beans.
    This bag contains espresso grind.
  4. A tedious and laborious task.
    Synonym: chore
    This homework is a grind.
    • 1961 February, D. Bertram, “The lines to Wetherby and their traffic”, in Trains Illustrated, page 101:
      Running again in more open agricultural country, the Harrogate line encounters a short downgrade before the stiff uphill grind to Harrogate begins.
  5. A grinding trick on a skateboard or snowboard.
  6. (archaic, slang) One who studies hard.
    Synonym: swot
    • 1900, “Gifford Arthur Nelson”, in The Naughty-Naughtian, page 118:
      If you are at all bright, don't be a grind. Grinding may make a second-hand genius of you (for all the real things are dead), and if you become a genius you will be sure to smoke dope or swallow laudanum. They all did it.
    • 1911, Sunset, volume 27, page 440:
      […] I suppose I don't know much about books, compared with you—”
      “Oh, I was never much of a grind,” the other cut in hastily.
  7. (uncountable, music) Clipping of grindcore (“subgenre of heavy metal”).
  8. (slang) Hustle; hard work. (Can we add an example for this sense?)
    I pledge allegiance to the grind. I'm up early as hell tryna get mine.
Derived terms
Translations

Etymology 2

From Faroese grind (“pilot-whale meat”).

Pronunciation

Noun

grind (plural grinds)

  1. A traditional communal pilot whale hunt in the Faroe Islands.
Synonyms

Anagrams

Albanian

Etymology

Either a nasal variant of grij or gërdhij, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrendʰ- (compare English grind, Lithuanian gréndžiu (“to scrape, scratch”). Same sense development as with grih.

Verb

grind (aorist grinda, participle grindur)

  1. to brawl, to fight, to wrangle over

Related terms

Dutch

Dutch Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nl

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch grint, grinde, from Old Dutch *grinda, from Proto-Germanic *grindō (“sand, pebbles”).

Alternative forms

Noun

grind n (uncountable)

  1. (geology) gravel, pebbles, shingle
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Afrikaans: grint

Etymology 2

Germanic, perhaps from the above root as a crusty rash.

Alternative forms

Noun

grind n (uncountable)

  1. (archaic, pathology) The diseases scabies (human), mange (canine)
Synonyms
Derived terms

Anagrams

Faroese

Etymology 1

From Old Norse grind (“gate”).

Pronunciation

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!

Noun

grind f (genitive singular grindar, plural grindir)

  1. A framework
  2. A grille
Declension
Declension of grind
f2 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative grind grindin grindir grindirnar
accusative grind grindina grindir grindirnar
dative grind grindini grindum grindunum
genitive grindar grindarinnar grinda grindanna

Etymology 2

The term is a Faroese invention. A school of pilot whales reminds of a framework (see grind above) in the sea, by swimming very close to each other. More likely the word is related to the English word ground and refers to the whales frequently running aground or easily driven onto ground. Another theory suggests it refers to grinding, scraping or rubbing, in as mating behaviour.On the etymology of Faroese Grind “school of pilot whales” The Faroese term was loaned in many other languages; compare German Grindwal, Danish grindehval or Dutch griend.

Noun

grind f (genitive singular grindar, plural grindir)

  1. A school of grindahvalur (pilot whales)
  2. The tvøst (meat) and spik (blubber) of the pilot whales
  3. The act of pilot whaling, grindadráp
  4. (figuratively) An unexpected meal
Declension
Declension of grind
f2 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative grind grindin grindir grindirnar
accusative grind grindina grindir grindirnar
dative grind grindini grindum grindunum
genitive grindar grindarinnar grinda grindanna
Descendants

Icelandic

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Norse grind.

Noun

grind f (genitive singular grindar, nominative plural grindur)

  1. lattice, grid, grille
  2. framework
  3. (order theory) lattice
Declension
declension of grind
f-s3 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative grind grindin grindur grindurnar
accusative grind grindina grindur grindurnar
dative grind grindinni grindum grindunum
genitive grindar grindarinnar grinda grindanna

Etymology 2

From Faroese grind.

Noun

grind f (genitive singular grindar, nominative plural grindur)

  1. pilot whale
Declension
declension of grind
f-s3 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative grind grindin grindur grindurnar
accusative grind grindina grindur grindurnar
dative grind grindinni grindum grindunum
genitive grindar grindarinnar grinda grindanna
Synonyms

Anagrams

Norwegian Bokmål

Norwegian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia no

Etymology

From Old Norse grind.

Noun

grind f or m (definite singular grinda or grinden, indefinite plural grinder, definite plural grindene)

  1. A hinged gate across a road or path where it is intersected by a fence.
  2. A framework
  3. A grille

Derived terms

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Norwegian Nynorsk Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia nn

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡrɪnd/, /ɡrɪnː/
  • (dialects with palatalization) IPA(key): /ɡrɪɲː/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old Norse grind.

Noun

grind f (definite singular grinda, indefinite plural grinder, definite plural grindene)

  1. A hinged gate across a road or path where it is intersected by a fence.
  2. A framework
  3. A grille
Inflection
Historical inflection of grind
indefinite singular definite singular indefinite plural definite plural
Aasen1 Grind Grindi Grindar Grindarna
1901 grindarne (grindane)
1917 grinda, grindi grinder grindene
1938 grinda
2012 (current) grind grinda grinder grindene

Forms in italics are currently considered non-standard. Forms in were official, but considered second-tier. Forms in (parentheses) were allowed under Midlandsnormalen. 1Nouns were capitalised for most of the 19th century.

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English grind

Noun

grind m (definite singular grinden, uncountable)

  1. (music) Clipping of grindcore.

References

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *grindiz.

Noun

grind f (genitive grindar, plural grindr)

  1. a gate made of spars or bars
  2. haven, dock
  3. storehouses

Declension

  Declension of grind (strong i-stem)
feminine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative grind grindin grindir grindirnar
accusative grind grindina grindir grindirnar
dative grind grindinni grindum grindunum
genitive grindar grindarinnar grinda grindanna
  Declension of grind (strong consonant stem)
feminine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative grind grindin grindr grindrnar
accusative grind grindina grindr grindrnar
dative grind grindinni grindum grindunum
genitive grindar, grindr grindarinnar, grindrinnar grinda grindanna

Descendants

References

  • “grind”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish grind, from Old Norse grind, from Proto-Germanic *grindiz, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰrendʰ-.

Noun

grind c

  1. A gate; door-like structure outside a building
  2. (computing) A gate, logical pathway

Declension

Declension of grind 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative grind grinden grindar grindarna
Genitive grinds grindens grindars grindarnas

Anagrams

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