研磨
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See also: 硏磨
Chinese
| grind fine; study; research | grindstone; to sharpen; to delay grindstone; to sharpen; to delay; hardship; to grind; to rub | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (研磨) | 研 | 磨 | |
| simp. #(研磨) | 研 | 磨 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ ㄇㄛˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yánmó
- Wade–Giles: yen2-mo2
- Yale: yán-mwó
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yanmo
- Palladius: яньмо (janʹmo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /jɛn³⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ngaan4 mo4
- Yale: ngàahn mòh
- Cantonese Pinyin: ngaan4 mo4
- Guangdong Romanization: ngan4 mo4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋaːn²¹ mɔː²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Verb
研磨
Derived terms
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 研 | 磨 |
| けん Grade: 3 |
ま Grade: S |
| kan'yōon | goon |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 硏磨 (kyūjitai) 研摩 |
Pronunciation
Noun
Derived terms
- 研磨機 (kenmaki)
Related terms
Verb
研磨する • (kenma suru) transitive suru (stem 研磨し (kenma shi), past 研磨した (kenma shita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "研磨する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 研磨し | けんまし | kenma shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 研磨し | けんまし | kenma shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 研磨する | けんまする | kenma suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 研磨する | けんまする | kenma suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 研磨すれ | けんますれ | kenma sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 研磨せよ¹ 研磨しろ² |
けんませよ¹ けんましろ² |
kenma seyo¹ kenma shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 研磨される | けんまされる | kenma sareru | |
| Causative | 研磨させる 研磨さす |
けんまさせる けんまさす |
kenma saseru kenma sasu | |
| Potential | 研磨できる | けんまできる | kenma dekiru | |
| Volitional | 研磨しよう | けんましよう | kenma shiyō | |
| Negative | 研磨しない | けんましない | kenma shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 研磨せず | けんませず | kenma sezu | |
| Formal | 研磨します | けんまします | kenma shimasu | |
| Perfective | 研磨した | けんました | kenma shita | |
| Conjunctive | 研磨して | けんまして | kenma shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 研磨すれば | けんますれば | kenma sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN