Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/grindaną

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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰrendʰ- (to crush; gnash). Cognate with Latin frendō (to grind; gnash), Lithuanian grę́sti (to plane, scour).[1]

Pronunciation

Verb

*grindaną[1][2]

  1. to grind

Inflection

Conjugation of *grindaną (strong class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *grindō *grindaų *grindai ?
2nd singular *grindizi *grindaiz *grind *grindazai *grindaizau
3rd singular *grindidi *grindai *grindadau *grindadai *grindaidau
1st dual *grindōz *grindaiw
2nd dual *grindadiz *grindaidiz *grindadiz
1st plural *grindamaz *grindaim *grindandai *grindaindau
2nd plural *grindid *grindaid *grindid *grindandai *grindaindau
3rd plural *grindandi *grindain *grindandau *grindandai *grindaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *grand *grundį̄
2nd singular *granst *grundīz
3rd singular *grand *grundī
1st dual *grundū *grundīw
2nd dual *grundudiz *grundīdiz
1st plural *grundum *grundīm
2nd plural *grundud *grundīd
3rd plural *grundun *grundīn
present past
participles *grindandz *grundanaz

Descendants

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*grindan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 190
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003), “*ʒrenđanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 141