Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haisaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Alternative forms
Etymology
Unknown.[1] The forms in *-r- are difficult to explain; they may be from the addition of *-raz with metathesis (Kroonen, Orel) or conflation with *hairaz (Orel). Kroonen speculatively connects it with Albanian kirrem (“to become hoarse”), for Proto-Indo-European *keys-, *kis-r-, but adds that the Germanic words may all derive from *hissōną (“to hiss”), ultimately of onomatopoeic origin.[2] Compare *hwistlōną (“to whistle”) for a similar (but formally unrelated) onomatopoeic root.
Adjective
*haisaz
Declension
Declension of *haisaz (a-stem)
| strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | *haisaz | *haisai | *haisō | *haisôz | *haisą, *-at(ō) | *haisō |
| accusative | *haisanǭ | *haisanz | *haisǭ | *haisōz | *haisą, *-at(ō) | *haisō |
| genitive | *haisas, *haisis | *haisaizǫ̂ | *haisaizōz | *haisaizǫ̂ | *haisas, *haisis | *haisaizǫ̂ |
| dative | *haisammai | *haisaimaz | *haisaizōi | *haisaimaz | *haisammai | *haisaimaz |
| instrumental | *haisanō | *haisaimiz | *haisaizō | *haisaimiz | *haisanō | *haisaimiz |
| weak declension | ||||||
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | *haisô | *haisaniz | *haisǭ | *haisōniz | *haisô | *haisōnō |
| accusative | *haisanų | *haisanunz | *haisōnų | *haisōnunz | *haisô | *haisōnō |
| genitive | *haisiniz | *haisanǫ̂ | *haisōniz | *haisōnǫ̂ | *haisiniz | *haisanǫ̂ |
| dative | *haisini | *haisammaz | *haisōni | *haisōmaz | *haisini | *haisammaz |
| instrumental | *haisinē | *haisammiz | *haisōnē | *haisōmiz | *haisinē | *haisammiz |
Derived terms
Descendants
- Old English: hās, *hārs
- Old Frisian: *hās
- West Frisian: heas
- Old Dutch: hēs, heis, *hērs
- Old Saxon: hēs, *heis
- Old High German: heis, heisar
- Old Norse: háss, heiss
References
- ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xaisaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 153
- ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hairsa- ~ *haisra-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 201–202