Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/handijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *handuz (“hand”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxɑn.di.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*handijaną

to take by the hand; seize; grip; capture

Inflection

Conjugation of *handijaną (weak class 1)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*handijō	*handijaų	—	*handijai	?
2nd singular	*handīsi	*handijais	*handī	*handijasai	*handijaisau
3rd singular	*handīþi	*handijai	*handijaþau	*handijaþai	*handijaiþau
1st dual	*handijōs	*handijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*handijaþiz	*handijaiþiz	*handijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*handijamaz	*handijaim	—	*handijanþai	*handijainþau
2nd plural	*handīþ	*handijaiþ	*handīþ	*handijanþai	*handijainþau
3rd plural	*handijanþi	*handijain	*handijanþau	*handijanþai	*handijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*handidǭ	*handidēdį̄
2nd singular	*handidēz	*handidēdīz
3rd singular	*handidē	*handidēdī
1st dual	*handidēdū	*handidēdīw
2nd dual	*handidēdudiz	*handidēdīdiz
1st plural	*handidēdum	*handidēdīm
2nd plural	*handidēdud	*handidēdīd
3rd plural	*handidēdun	*handidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*handijandz	*handidaz

Derived terms

*handīniz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *handijan
- Old English: *hendan
  - Middle English: henden
    - English: hend
    - ⇒ Middle English: handen, honden (form influenced by hand, hond)
      - English: hand
      - Scots: hand
  - ⇒ Old English: ġehendan
- Old Frisian: henda, handa
  - ⇒ Saterland Frisian: houndje
  - West Frisian: heine
- Old Saxon: *hendian
  - Middle Low German: *henden, *handen (form influenced by hant)
    - ⇒ Middle Low German: hendære, hender, handære
    - ⇒ Middle Low German: afhenden
    - ⇒ Middle Low German: vörhenden, vörhanden
    - ⇒ Middle Low German: belîfhanden
    - ⇒ Middle Low German: enthanden, enhanden
- Old Dutch: *henden
  - Middle Dutch: henden, handen
    - Dutch: henden, handen, heinen (dialectal)
- Old High German: hanten, *henten
  - Middle High German: henden, handen
    - ⇒ Middle High German: behenden
    - ⇒ Middle High German: enthenden
  - ⇒ Old High German: gihantit (ppt)
Old Norse: henda
- Icelandic: henda
- Faroese: henda
- Norwegian Bokmål: hende
- Old Swedish: hænda
  - Swedish: hända
- Danish: hænde

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xanđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 159

[HGE-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xanđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 159