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 This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxriŋ.ɡi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Etymology 1

From *hringaz (“a ring, sound”) +‎ *-janą.

Verb

*hringijaną

  1. to ring, sound
Inflection
Conjugation of *hringijaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hringijō *hringijaų — *hringijai ?
2nd singular *hringīsi *hringijais *hringī *hringijasai *hringijaisau
3rd singular *hringīþi *hringijai *hringijaþau *hringijaþai *hringijaiþau
1st dual *hringijōs *hringijaiw — — —
2nd dual *hringijaþiz *hringijaiþiz *hringijaþiz — —
1st plural *hringijamaz *hringijaim — *hringijanþai *hringijainþau
2nd plural *hringīþ *hringijaiþ *hringīþ *hringijanþai *hringijainþau
3rd plural *hringijanþi *hringijain *hringijanþau *hringijanþai *hringijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hringidǭ *hringidēdį̄
2nd singular *hringidēz *hringidēdīz
3rd singular *hringidē *hringidēdī
1st dual *hringidēdū *hringidēdīw
2nd dual *hringidēdudiz *hringidēdīdiz
1st plural *hringidēdum *hringidēdīm
2nd plural *hringidēdud *hringidēdīd
3rd plural *hringidēdun *hringidēdīn
present past
participles *hringijandz *hringidaz
Descendants

Etymology 2

From *hringaz (“a ring, a circle”) +‎ *-janą. Compare Proto-Slavic *krǫžiti.

Verb

*hringijaną

  1. to make (into) a ring
  2. to encircle
  3. to place a ring on
Inflection
Conjugation of *hringijaną (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hringijō *hringijaų — *hringijai ?
2nd singular *hringīsi *hringijais *hringī *hringijasai *hringijaisau
3rd singular *hringīþi *hringijai *hringijaþau *hringijaþai *hringijaiþau
1st dual *hringijōs *hringijaiw — — —
2nd dual *hringijaþiz *hringijaiþiz *hringijaþiz — —
1st plural *hringijamaz *hringijaim — *hringijanþai *hringijainþau
2nd plural *hringīþ *hringijaiþ *hringīþ *hringijanþai *hringijainþau
3rd plural *hringijanþi *hringijain *hringijanþau *hringijanþai *hringijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hringidǭ *hringidēdį̄
2nd singular *hringidēz *hringidēdīz
3rd singular *hringidē *hringidēdī
1st dual *hringidēdū *hringidēdīw
2nd dual *hringidēdudiz *hringidēdīdiz
1st plural *hringidēdum *hringidēdīm
2nd plural *hringidēdud *hringidēdīd
3rd plural *hringidēdun *hringidēdīn
present past
participles *hringijandz *hringidaz
Descendants

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xrenʒjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 186
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