Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kaldāną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *kaldaz (“cold”) + *-āną.
Pronunciation
Verb
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *kaldō | ? | — | ? | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *kaldaisi | ? | *kaldai | *kaldāsai | ? | |
| 3rd singular | *kaldaiþi | ? | *kaldāþau | *kaldāþai | ? | |
| 1st dual | *kaldōs | ? | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *kaldāþiz | ? | *kaldāþiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *kaldāmaz | ? | — | *kaldānþai | ? | |
| 2nd plural | *kaldaiþ | ? | *kaldaiþ | *kaldānþai | ? | |
| 3rd plural | *kaldānþi | ? | *kaldānþau | *kaldānþai | ? | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *kaldadǭ | *kaldadēdį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *kaldadēz | *kaldadēdīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *kaldadē | *kaldadēdī | ||||
| 1st dual | *kaldadēdū | *kaldadēdīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *kaldadēdudiz | *kaldadēdīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *kaldadēdum | *kaldadēdīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *kaldadēdud | *kaldadēdīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *kaldadēdun | *kaldadēdīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *kaldāndz | *kaldadaz | ||||
Descendants
References
- ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*kaldēnan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 209