Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kaldaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From the original past participle of *kalaną, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gel-.[1] Diachronically from Proto-Indo-European *goltós.
Pronunciation
Adjective
*kaldaz
Inflection
Declension of *kaldaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *kaldaz | *kaldai | *kaldō | *kaldôz | *kaldą, -atō | *kaldō |
| Accusative | *kaldanǭ | *kaldanz | *kaldǭ | *kaldōz | *kaldą, -atō | *kaldō |
| Genitive | *kaldas, -is | *kaldaizǫ̂ | *kaldaizōz | *kaldaizǫ̂ | *kaldas, -is | *kaldaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *kaldammai | *kaldaimaz | *kaldaizōi | *kaldaimaz | *kaldammai | *kaldaimaz |
| Instrumental | *kaldanō | *kaldaimiz | *kaldaizō | *kaldaimiz | *kaldanō | *kaldaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *kaldô | *kaldaniz | *kaldǭ | *kaldōniz | *kaldô | *kaldōnō |
| Accusative | *kaldanų | *kaldanunz | *kaldōnų | *kaldōnunz | *kaldô | *kaldōnō |
| Genitive | *kaldiniz | *kaldanǫ̂ | *kaldōniz | *kaldōnǫ̂ | *kaldiniz | *kaldanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *kaldini | *kaldammaz | *kaldōni | *kaldōmaz | *kaldini | *kaldammaz |
| Instrumental | *kaldinē | *kaldammiz | *kaldōnē | *kaldōmiz | *kaldinē | *kaldammiz |
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *kald
- Old English: ċeald, cald — Anglian
- Old Frisian: kald
- Old Saxon: kald
- Old Dutch: kalt, *kald, *kold (in toponyms)
- Old High German: kalt
- Old Norse: kaldr
- Gothic: 𐌺𐌰𐌻𐌳𐍃 (kalds)
References
- ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kalda-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 278