Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knuttōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *gn̥tnéh₂-, a zero-grade iterative to *knudaną (“to knead”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈknut.tɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*knuttōną

to press, knead, squeeze

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *knutt- against non-singular *knud-.

Conjugation of *knuttōną (weak class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*knuttō	*knuttǭ	—	*knuttōi	?
2nd singular	*knuttōsi	*knuttōs	*knuttō	*knuttōsai	*knuttōsau
3rd singular	*knuttōþi	*knuttō	*knuttōþau	*knuttōþai	*knuttōþau
1st dual	*knuttōs	*knuttōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*knuttōþiz	*knuttōþiz	*knuttōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*knuttōmaz	*knuttōm	—	*knuttōnþai	*knuttōnþau
2nd plural	*knuttōþ	*knuttōþ	*knuttōþ	*knuttōnþai	*knuttōnþau
3rd plural	*knuttōnþi	*knuttōn	*knuttōnþau	*knuttōnþai	*knuttōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*knuttōdǭ	*knuttōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*knuttōdēz	*knuttōdēdīz
3rd singular	*knuttōdē	*knuttōdēdī
1st dual	*knuttōdēdū	*knuttōdēdīw
2nd dual	*knuttōdēdudiz	*knuttōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*knuttōdēdum	*knuttōdēdīm
2nd plural	*knuttōdēdud	*knuttōdēdīd
3rd plural	*knuttōdēdun	*knuttōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*knuttōndz	*knuttōdaz

Related terms

*knuttijaną

Descendants

German: knotzen (dialectal)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*knuttōn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 298

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*knuttōn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 298

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