Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krukjō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

From Proto-Indo-European *grewg- (“bend, wrinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to bend, turn”).

• IPA^(key): /ˈkruk.jɔː/

*krukjō f

1. curved staff
2. crutch

• Proto-West Germanic: *krukkju
  • Old English: cryċċ, criċċ, cryċ
    • Middle English: crucche, croch, croche, crouch, cruche
      • English: crutch
      • Scots: crutch
  • Old Frisian: *krukk, *krekk, *krek
    • Saterland Frisian: Krukke, Kruke (possibly from Low German)
    • West Frisian: kruk (possibly from Dutch)
  • Old Saxon: krukka
    • Middle Low German: krucke, krocke, krücke
      • German Low German: Krück
      • Low German: krukke, Krükke, Krück
      • → Danish: krykke
      • → Old Swedish: krykkia
        • Swedish: krycka
      • → Norwegian: krykke, krykkje
  • Old Dutch: *krukka
    • Middle Dutch: crucke, cricke, crocke
      • Dutch: kruk (see there for further descendants)
  • Old High German: krucka
    • Middle High German: krücke
      • Cimbrian: khrukha
      • German: Krücke

    Lombardic: *krukkja

    • → Italian: gruccia

  • → Latin: crucia, crucea, cruccia, crucca, croccia
    • Franco-Provençal: crosse, croche
    • Italo-Dalmatian
      • Italian: croccia (Tuscan and central dialects)
      • Neapolitan: croccia, corcia, crocia
      • Sicilian: crozza
    • Piedmontese: cròssa
    • Old French: crosse
      • Middle French: crosse
        • French: crosse
          • → Portuguese: crossa
    • Old Occitan: cròça
      • Occitan: cròça
• Gothic: 𐌺𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌺𐌾𐌰 (krukkja)