Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwastuz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *gwosdos (“piece of wood”), which seems like a nominal derivative from a root *gʷes- (“twig; leafwork”). Compare Proto-Celtic *buzdos (“tail, penis”) (whence Middle Irish bot (“tail, penis”), Welsh both (“hub, nave”)), Albanian gjeth (“leaf, foliage”), Proto-Slavic *gvozdь (“nail, tack, peg”).^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈkwɑs.tuz/

Noun

*kwastuz m

tuft
tassel

Inflection

u-stemDeclension of *kwastuz (u-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*kwastuz	*kwastiwiz
vocative	*kwastu	*kwastiwiz
accusative	*kwastų	*kwastunz
genitive	*kwastauz	*kwastiwǫ̂
dative	*kwastiwi	*kwastumaz
instrumental	*kwastū	*kwastumiz

Descendants

Old Frisian: *kwast
- Saterland Frisian: Kwast
- West Frisian: kwast
Old Saxon: *kwast
- Middle Low German: quast, quest
  - German Low German: Quast
Old Dutch: *kwast
- Middle Dutch: quast
  - Dutch: kwast
    - Afrikaans: kwas
Old High German: *quast, *quasta, questa
- Middle High German: quast, quaste, queste, koste, kost
  - German: Queste, Quaste, Quest
Old Norse: *kvǫstr; (kvistr)
- (Icelandic: kvistur)
- (Faroese: kvistur)
- (Norwegian Bokmål: kvist)
- (Norwegian Nynorsk: kvist)
- Old Swedish: kvaster, koster
  - Swedish: kvast; (kvist)
- Danish: kvast, kost; (kvist)
  - → Norwegian Bokmål: kost
- (→ Middle English: quist; (twist))
  - (Scots: twist)
  - (English: twist)

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*kwastuz ~ *kwastaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 227
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gvozdь; *gvozdъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 196: “m. i; m o ‘nail’”

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*kwastuz ~ *kwastaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 227

[2] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*gvozdь; *gvozdъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 196: “m. i; m o ‘nail’”

[1]

[2]