Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/langaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dlongʰos (“long”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈlɑŋ.ɡɑz/

Adjective

*langaz (comparative *langizô, superlative *langistaz)

long

Inflection

Declension of *langaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*langaz	*langō	*langą, -atō	*langai	*langôz	*langō
accusative	*langanǭ	*langǭ	*langą, -atō	*langanz	*langōz	*langō
genitive	*langas, -is	*langaizōz	*langas, -is	*langaizǫ̂	*langaizǫ̂	*langaizǫ̂
dative	*langammai	*langaizōi	*langammai	*langaimaz	*langaimaz	*langaimaz
instrumental	*langanō	*langaizō	*langanō	*langaimiz	*langaimiz	*langaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*langô	*langǭ	*langô	*langaniz	*langōniz	*langōnō
accusative	*langanų	*langōnų	*langô	*langanunz	*langōnunz	*langōnō
genitive	*langiniz	*langōniz	*langiniz	*langanǫ̂	*langōnǫ̂	*langanǫ̂
dative	*langini	*langōni	*langini	*langammaz	*langōmaz	*langammaz
instrumental	*langinē	*langōnē	*langinē	*langammiz	*langōmiz	*langammiz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *lang
- Old English: lang, long
  - Middle English: long, longe (Late Middle English), lang, lange (Early Middle English or Northern)
    - English: long
    - Geordie English: lang
    - Scots: lang
    - Yola: lhaung, long
- Old Frisian: long, lang
  - North Frisian: long, lung
  - Saterland Frisian: loang
  - West Frisian: long, lang
- Old Saxon: lang, long
  - Middle Low German: lank
    - Low German: lang, lång, lank, loang, laong, long, lonk
    - Plautdietsch: lang, lank
- Old Dutch: *lanc
  - Middle Dutch: lanc
    - Dutch: lang
      - Afrikaans: lank
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: langgi
      - Jersey Dutch: lānk
      - Negerhollands: lang, laṅ
      - → Sranan Tongo: langa
        → Aukan: langa
        → Ndyuka-Trio Pidgin: langame
        → Saramaccan: lánga, djanga
    - Limburgish: lank
    - Zealandic: lank
- Old High German: lang
  - Middle High German: lanc
    - Alemannic German: lang
    - Bavarian:
      Cimbrian: lång
      Mòcheno: lònk
    - German: lang
    - Hunsrik: lang
    - Luxembourgish: laang
    - Pennsylvania German: lang
    - Vilamovian: łaong
    - Yiddish: לאַנג (lang)
Old Norse: langr
- Icelandic: langur
- Faroese: langur
- Norn: lang
- Norwegian Nynorsk: lang
- Norwegian Bokmål: lang
- Old Swedish: langer
  - Swedish: lång
- Danish: lang
- Gutnish: langgar, langgår, langgur
Gothic: 𐌻𐌰𐌲𐌲𐍃 (laggs)
→ Proto-Finnic: *lanka (“thread, yarn”)
→ Proto-Samic: *luoŋkē (“rectum”)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*langa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 327

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*langa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 327