Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/meduz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *médʰu. Cognate with Sanskrit मधु (madhu), Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬜𐬎 (maδu), Ancient Greek μέθυ (méthu).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈme.ðuz/

Noun

*meduz m^[1]^[2]

Inflection

u-stemDeclension of *meduz (u-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*meduz	*midiwiz
vocative	*medu	*midiwiz
accusative	*medų	*medunz
genitive	*medauz	*midiwǫ̂
dative	*midiwi	*medumaz
instrumental	*medū	*medumiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *medu
- Old English: medu, medo, meodo, meodu
  - Middle English: mede, methe (influenced by Old Norse mjǫðr)
    - English: mead
    - Scots: mede, meid
- Old Frisian: mede
  - Saterland Frisian: Meede
  - West Frisian: mea
- Old Saxon: medu
  - Middle Low German: mēde, medde
    - Low German: Mia (Westphalian dialects)
- Old Dutch: *medu
  - Middle Dutch: mēde, meede, mee
    - Dutch: mede, mee
- Old High German: metu
  - Middle High German: mete, met
    - German: Met
Proto-Norse: *ᛗᛖᛞᚢᛉ (*meduʀ)
- Old Norse: mjǫðr
  - Icelandic: mjöður
  - Faroese: mjøður
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: mjød; (dialectal) mjør, mjøyr’e
  - Old Swedish: miødher, mioþer
    - Swedish: mjöd
  - Old Danish: mioth, miøth, møth
    - Danish: mjød
      - Norwegian Bokmål: mjød
→? Proto-Finnic: *mëtu (see there for further descendants)
→? Ancient Greek: μέδος (médos)
→? Hunnic: μέδος (médos, “beverage akin to mead”)
→ Latin: mēdus

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*medu-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 361
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*međuz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 265

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*medu-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 361

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*međuz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 265

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