Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rēdaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *Hréh₁dʰeti, from *Hreh₁dʰ- (“to think, arrange”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈrɛː.ðɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*rēdaną

to decide, advise
to interpret

Inflection

Conjugation of *rēdaną (strong class 7d)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*rēdō	*rēdaų	—	*rēdai	?
2nd singular	*rēdizi	*rēdaiz	*rēd	*rēdazai	*rēdaizau
3rd singular	*rēdidi	*rēdai	*rēdadau	*rēdadai	*rēdaidau
1st dual	*rēdōz	*rēdaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*rēdadiz	*rēdaidiz	*rēdadiz	—	—
1st plural	*rēdamaz	*rēdaim	—	*rēdandai	*rēdaindau
2nd plural	*rēdid	*rēdaid	*rēdid	*rēdandai	*rēdaindau
3rd plural	*rēdandi	*rēdain	*rēdandau	*rēdandai	*rēdaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*rerōd	*rerdį̄
2nd singular	*rerōst	*rerdīz
3rd singular	*rerōd	*rerdī
1st dual	*rerdū	*rerdīw
2nd dual	*rerdudiz	*rerdīdiz
1st plural	*rerdum	*rerdīm
2nd plural	*rerdud	*rerdīd
3rd plural	*rerdun	*rerdīn

	present	past
participles	*rēdandz	*rēdanaz

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *rādan
- Old English: rǣdan
  - Middle English: reden
    - English: read, rede
    - Scots: rede
- Old Frisian: rēda
  - Saterland Frisian: räide
  - West Frisian: riede
- Old Saxon: rādan
  - Middle Low German: râden
    - German Low German: raden
    - Low German: raden
- Old Dutch: rādan
  - Middle Dutch: râden
    - Dutch: raden
    - Limburgish: raoje
- Old High German: rātan
  - Middle High German: raten
    - German: raten
    - Luxembourgish: roden
    - Yiddish: ראָטן (rotn)
Old Norse: ráða, ᚱᛅᚦᛅ (raþa) — infinitive, Runic form, ᚱᛅᚦᚱ (raþr) — second/third singular present indicative, Runic form, ᚱᛁᚦ (riþ), ᚱᛆᛁᚦ (raiþ) — first/third singular past indicative, Runic form, ᚱᛅᚦᛁ (raþi), ᚱᚮᚦᛁ (roþi) — third singular present subjunctive, Runic form, ᚱᛅᚦ (raþ) — second singular imperative, Runic form
- Icelandic: ráða
- Faroese: ráða
- Norwegian Nynorsk: rå, råda
- Old Swedish: rāþa
  - Swedish: råda
- Danish: råde
  - Norwegian Bokmål: råde, rå
Gothic: *𐍂𐌴𐌳𐌰𐌽 (*rēdan)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*rēdan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 408

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*rēdan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 408

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