Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Hreh₁dʰ-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Possible reanalyzed root of *h₂reh₁- (“to think; to count”) +‎ *-dʰh₁eti.^[1]

Root

*Hreh₁dʰ-^[2]

Alternative reconstructions

*h₂réh₁dʰh₁eti

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *Hreh₁dʰ- (37 c, 0 e)

*h₂réh₁dʰ-e-ti (thematic root present)^[4]
- Proto-Germanic: *rēdaną (“to decide”)^[4] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬭𐬁𐬜𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 (rāδaⁱti, “to correct”)
*h₂réh₁dʰ-t ~ *h₂r̥h₁dʰ-ént (athematic root aorist)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HáHraHdʰat
  - Proto-Iranian: *HáHráHdat
    - Avestan: 𐬭𐬁𐬛𐬀𐬝 (rādat̰, “to succeed, accomplish”, 3sg.aor.act.subj.)
*h₂réh₁dʰ-ye-ti (ye-present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HráHdʰyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HráHdʰyati
    - Sanskrit: राध्यति (rā́dhyati, “to succeed”)
*h₂roh₁dʰ-éye-ti (eye-causative)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *rā́ˀdīˀtei
  - Eastern Baltic:
    - Latgalian: rõdeit(i) (“to show, demonstrate”)
    - Latgalian: rõdeitõjs (“significative”)
    - Latvian: rādīt(i) (“to show, demonstrate”)
    - Lithuanian: rodyti (“to show, demonstrate”)
  - Proto-Slavic: *raditi (“care about, heed”)^[5] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Celtic: *rādīti (“to talk”)^[6]
  - Old Irish: ráidid, radid
  - ⇒ Proto-Celtic: *ambi-rādīti (“to think”)^[7]
    - Proto-Brythonic:
      - Old Welsh: amraud
        Welsh: amrawdd
    - Old Irish: imm-rádi
- Proto-Germanic: *rōdijaną (“to speak”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HraHdʰáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HraHdʰáyati
    - Sanskrit: राधयति (rādháyati, “to commit”)
*h₂r̥h₁dʰ-néw-ti ~ *h₂r̥h₁dʰ-nw-énti (nu-present)^[4]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HraHdʰnáwti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HraHdʰnáwti
    - Sanskrit: राध्नोति (rādhnóti, “to succeed”)

*h₂réh₁dʰ-o-s
- Proto-Germanic: *rēdaz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HráHdʰas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HráHdʰas
    - Sanskrit: राधस् (rā́dhas)
*h₂réh₁dʰ-eh₂
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HráHdʰaH
  - Proto-Iranian: *HráHdaH
    - Avestan: 𐬭𐬁𐬛𐬀 (rāda, “trustee”)
*h₂r̥h₁dʰ-éh₂^[8]
- Proto-Germanic: *radō (“row”)^[8] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hr̥HdʰáH
  - Proto-Iranian: *Hr̥HdáH
    - Ossetian: (“order, row”)
      Digor Ossetian: радӕ (radæ)
      
      Iron Ossetian: рад (rad)
*h₂réh₁dʰ-tweh₂
- Proto-Germanic: *rēswō (see there for further descendants)

Unsorted formations:

- Proto-Albanian: *raðā
  - Albanian: radhë (“row”)
- Latgalian: rẽdeit(i) (“put in order, educate”)
- Latgalian: rẽdynis (“sunday best suit”)
- Latgalian: rẽdeiba (“order, orderliness”)
- Latgalian: rādovoit(i) (“put in order, educate”)
- Latgalian: parāds (“order”)

References

^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*rōdjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 415
^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*(H)raHd”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 187
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*rēdan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 408
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*raditi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 432
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*rād-ī-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 305
^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*ambi-rād-ī-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 33
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*radō-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 401: “*Hrh̥₁dʰ-eh₂”

[1] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*rōdjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 415

[2] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[3] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*(H)raHd”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 187

[Kroonen_2-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*rēdan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 408

[5] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*raditi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 432

[6] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*rād-ī-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 305

[7] Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*ambi-rād-ī-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 33

[Kroonen_3-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*radō-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 401: “*Hrh̥₁dʰ-eh₂”

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