Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/smartaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)merd-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsmɑr.tɑz/

Adjective

*smartaz

painful, hurting, aching

Inflection

Declension of *smartaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*smartaz	*smartō	*smartą, -atō	*smartai	*smartôz	*smartō
accusative	*smartanǭ	*smartǭ	*smartą, -atō	*smartanz	*smartōz	*smartō
genitive	*smartas, -is	*smartaizōz	*smartas, -is	*smartaizǫ̂	*smartaizǫ̂	*smartaizǫ̂
dative	*smartammai	*smartaizōi	*smartammai	*smartaimaz	*smartaimaz	*smartaimaz
instrumental	*smartanō	*smartaizō	*smartanō	*smartaimiz	*smartaimiz	*smartaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*smartô	*smartǭ	*smartô	*smartaniz	*smartōniz	*smartōnō
accusative	*smartanų	*smartōnų	*smartô	*smartanunz	*smartōnunz	*smartōnō
genitive	*smartiniz	*smartōniz	*smartiniz	*smartanǫ̂	*smartōnǫ̂	*smartanǫ̂
dative	*smartini	*smartōni	*smartini	*smartammaz	*smartōmaz	*smartammaz
instrumental	*smartinē	*smartōnē	*smartinē	*smartammiz	*smartōmiz	*smartammiz

Related terms

*smertaną (“to hurt”)
*smertą (“pain, hurting”)

Descendants

Old English: smeart
- Middle English: smert, smart, smarte, smært, smeart, smerte
  - English: smart (see there for further descendants)
  - Scots: smert
Old Frisian: smert