Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sufjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

*sufjōną^[1]

Etymology

A zero-grade formation to *swefaną, or from *sufjaz (“sleepy”) +‎ *-janą

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈsuɸ.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*sufjaną^[2]

(impersonal, with accusative) to become sleepy, to doze off

Inflection

Conjugation of *sufjaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*sufjō	*sufjaų	—	*sufjai	?
2nd singular	*sufisi	*sufjais	*sufi	*sufjasai	*sufjaisau
3rd singular	*sufiþi	*sufjai	*sufjaþau	*sufjaþai	*sufjaiþau
1st dual	*sufjōs	*sufjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*sufjaþiz	*sufjaiþiz	*sufjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*sufjamaz	*sufjaim	—	*sufjanþai	*sufjainþau
2nd plural	*sufiþ	*sufjaiþ	*sufiþ	*sufjanþai	*sufjainþau
3rd plural	*sufjanþi	*sufjain	*sufjanþau	*sufjanþai	*sufjainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*sufidǭ	*sufidēdį̄
2nd singular	*sufidēz	*sufidēdīz
3rd singular	*sufidē	*sufidēdī
1st dual	*sufidēdū	*sufidēdīw
2nd dual	*sufidēdudiz	*sufidēdīdiz
1st plural	*sufidēdum	*sufidēdīm
2nd plural	*sufidēdud	*sufidēdīd
3rd plural	*sufidēdun	*sufidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*sufjandz	*sufidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *suffjan
- Old Dutch: *suffen
  - Middle Dutch: suffen
    - Dutch: suffen
      - →? Dutch Low Saxon: suffen
      - →? West Frisian: suffe
Old Norse: syfja
- Icelandic: syfja

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*sufja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 489: “*sufjōjan-”
^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*sufjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 385

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*sufja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 489: “*sufjōjan-”

[2] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*sufjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 385

[1]

[2]

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sufjaną

Contents