Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swefaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *swep-. Originally either a zero-grade present, or possibly an aorist-present.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈswe.ɸɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*swefaną^[1]

to sleep
Synonym: *slēpaną

Alternative reconstructions

*sufaną^[2]

Inflection

Conjugation of *swefaną (strong class 5)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*swefō	*swefaų	—	*swefai	?
2nd singular	*swifizi	*swefaiz	*swef	*swefazai	*swefaizau
3rd singular	*swifidi	*swefai	*swefadau	*swefadai	*swefaidau
1st dual	*swefōz	*swefaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*swefadiz	*swefaidiz	*swefadiz	—	—
1st plural	*swefamaz	*swefaim	—	*swefandai	*swefaindau
2nd plural	*swifid	*swefaid	*swifid	*swefandai	*swefaindau
3rd plural	*swefandi	*swefain	*swefandau	*swefandai	*swefaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*swaf	*swēbį̄
2nd singular	*swaft	*swēbīz
3rd singular	*swaf	*swēbī
1st dual	*swēbū	*swēbīw
2nd dual	*swēbudiz	*swēbīdiz
1st plural	*swēbum	*swēbīm
2nd plural	*swēbud	*swēbīd
3rd plural	*swēbun	*swēbīn

	present	past
participles	*swefandz	*swebanaz

Derived terms

Related terms

*sufjaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *swefan
- Old English: swefan
  - ⇒ Old English: āswefan
    - Middle English: asweven
      - English: asweve
Old Norse: sofa
- Icelandic: sofa
- Faroese: sova
- Norwegian Nynorsk: sova, sove
- Jamtish: sovo
- Elfdalian: såvå
- Old Swedish: sova
  - Swedish: sova
- Old Danish: souæ
  - Danish: sove
    - Norwegian Bokmål: sove
  - Scanian: søva
- Gutnish: syve
- ⇒ Old Norse: somna, sofna
  - Icelandic: sofna
  - Faroese: sovna
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: sobna, somna, somne, sovna, sovne
  - Norwegian Bokmål: sovne
  - Old Swedish: somna, sofna
    - Swedish: somna
  - Danish: sovne (obsolete)

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 392-393
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 489

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 392-393

[2] Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 489

[1]

[2]