Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/slēpaną

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 This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unclear. May be related to *slapaz (“weak, lax”),[1] itself of unclear origin, or possibly back-formed to *slabōną/*slappōną.[2]

Older theories tentatively derived the word from a hypothetical base *slē‑, extended in pre-Germanic as *slēb-, from earlier Proto-Indo-European *sleh₁‑, which could be related to *(s)leh₁g-; see also Latin langueō (“to be faint, listless”), Old English slæc (“lazy”).[3][4][5]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈslɛː.pɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*slēpaną

  1. to sleep
    Synonym: *swefaną

Inflection

Conjugation of *slēpaną (strong class 7d)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *slēpō *slēpaų — *slēpai ?
2nd singular *slēpizi *slēpaiz *slēp *slēpazai *slēpaizau
3rd singular *slēpidi *slēpai *slēpadau *slēpadai *slēpaidau
1st dual *slēpōz *slēpaiw — — —
2nd dual *slēpadiz *slēpaidiz *slēpadiz — —
1st plural *slēpamaz *slēpaim — *slēpandai *slēpaindau
2nd plural *slēpid *slēpaid *slēpid *slēpandai *slēpaindau
3rd plural *slēpandi *slēpain *slēpandau *slēpandai *slēpaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *sezlēp *sezlēpį̄
2nd singular *sezlēft *sezlēpīz
3rd singular *sezlēp *sezlēpī
1st dual *sezlēpū *sezlēpīw
2nd dual *sezlēpudiz *sezlēpīdiz
1st plural *sezlēpum *sezlēpīm
2nd plural *sezlēpud *sezlēpīd
3rd plural *sezlēpun *sezlēpīn
present past
participles *slēpandz *slēpanaz

Derived terms

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “slapen”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands‎ (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press
  2. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*slēpan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 453
  3. ^ “sleep”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.
  4. ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2024) “sleep”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
  5. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “lē̆b‑”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 655
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