Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swippōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From pre-Germanic *swip-néh₂-ti, zero-grade iterative of *swībaną.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈswip.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*swippōną

to sway, move swiftly, swerve

Inflection

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, singular *swipp- against non-singular *swib-.

Conjugation of *swippōną (weak class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*swippō	*swippǭ	—	*swippōi	?
2nd singular	*swippōsi	*swippōs	*swippō	*swippōsai	*swippōsau
3rd singular	*swippōþi	*swippō	*swippōþau	*swippōþai	*swippōþau
1st dual	*swippōs	*swippōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*swippōþiz	*swippōþiz	*swippōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*swippōmaz	*swippōm	—	*swippōnþai	*swippōnþau
2nd plural	*swippōþ	*swippōþ	*swippōþ	*swippōnþai	*swippōnþau
3rd plural	*swippōnþi	*swippōn	*swippōnþau	*swippōnþai	*swippōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*swippōdǭ	*swippōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*swippōdēz	*swippōdēdīz
3rd singular	*swippōdē	*swippōdēdī
1st dual	*swippōdēdū	*swippōdēdīw
2nd dual	*swippōdēdudiz	*swippōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*swippōdēdum	*swippōdēdīm
2nd plural	*swippōdēdud	*swippōdēdīd
3rd plural	*swippōdēdun	*swippōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*swippōndz	*swippōdaz

Derived terms

*swaipaną
*swipatjaną (+ *-atjaną)
- Old Norse: svipta, svypta (“to move quickly, fling, gather, deprive”)
*swipraz
- ⇒ *gaswipraz

Descendants

Old English: swipian, sweopian, swippan
- Middle English: swippen, swipen
  - Middle English: swipe, (obsolete) swip
German: schwippen
Old Norse: svipa
- Danish: svippe
- Icelandic: svipa

References

Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN