Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/turbijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *turbz (“peat, turf”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈtur.βi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*turbijaną^[1]

to extract peat
to cover with peat

Inflection

Conjugation of *turbijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*turbijō	*turbijaų	—	*turbijai	?
2nd singular	*turbīsi	*turbijais	*turbī	*turbijasai	*turbijaisau
3rd singular	*turbīþi	*turbijai	*turbijaþau	*turbijaþai	*turbijaiþau
1st dual	*turbijōs	*turbijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*turbijaþiz	*turbijaiþiz	*turbijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*turbijamaz	*turbijaim	—	*turbijanþai	*turbijainþau
2nd plural	*turbīþ	*turbijaiþ	*turbīþ	*turbijanþai	*turbijainþau
3rd plural	*turbijanþi	*turbijain	*turbijanþau	*turbijanþai	*turbijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*turbidǭ	*turbidēdį̄
2nd singular	*turbidēz	*turbidēdīz
3rd singular	*turbidē	*turbidēdī
1st dual	*turbidēdū	*turbidēdīw
2nd dual	*turbidēdudiz	*turbidēdīdiz
1st plural	*turbidēdum	*turbidēdīm
2nd plural	*turbidēdud	*turbidēdīd
3rd plural	*turbidēdun	*turbidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*turbijandz	*turbidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *turbijan
- Old English: *tyrfan
  - ⇒ Old English: getyrfan
    - >? Middle English: tirven, terven, tyrven, tirfen
- Old Dutch: *turven
  - Middle Dutch: turven, torven
    - Dutch: turven
Old Norse: tyrfa
- Icelandic: tyrfa

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*turbjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 413

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*turbjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 413

[1]