Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wōdijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *wōdaz (“rage”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwɔː.ði.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*wōdijaną^[1]

to rage, to be furious

Inflection

Conjugation of *wōdijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*wōdijō	*wōdijaų	—	*wōdijai	?
2nd singular	*wōdīsi	*wōdijais	*wōdī	*wōdijasai	*wōdijaisau
3rd singular	*wōdīþi	*wōdijai	*wōdijaþau	*wōdijaþai	*wōdijaiþau
1st dual	*wōdijōs	*wōdijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*wōdijaþiz	*wōdijaiþiz	*wōdijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*wōdijamaz	*wōdijaim	—	*wōdijanþai	*wōdijainþau
2nd plural	*wōdīþ	*wōdijaiþ	*wōdīþ	*wōdijanþai	*wōdijainþau
3rd plural	*wōdijanþi	*wōdijain	*wōdijanþau	*wōdijanþai	*wōdijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wōdidǭ	*wōdidēdį̄
2nd singular	*wōdidēz	*wōdidēdīz
3rd singular	*wōdidē	*wōdidēdī
1st dual	*wōdidēdū	*wōdidēdīw
2nd dual	*wōdidēdudiz	*wōdidēdīdiz
1st plural	*wōdidēdum	*wōdidēdīm
2nd plural	*wōdidēdud	*wōdidēdīd
3rd plural	*wōdidēdun	*wōdidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*wōdijandz	*wōdidaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *wōdijan
- Old English: wēdan
- Old Saxon: wōdian
- Old Dutch: *wuoden
  - Middle Dutch: woeden
    - Dutch: woeden
      - Afrikaans: woed
- Old High German: wuoten
  - Middle High German: wüeten
    - German: wüten
Old Norse: ǿða
- Icelandic: æða
- Faroese: øða

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wōðjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 469

[Orel-1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wōðjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 469

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