Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wakaną

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 This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *weǵ- (“to be strong, be awake, be fresh, be cheerful”). Cognate with Latin vegeō (“be quick, be aroused, be alert”).[1]

Pronunciation

Verb

*wakaną[1][2]

  1. to wake, be awake, arise

Inflection

Conjugation of *wakaną (strong class 6)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *wakō *wakaų — *wakai ?
2nd singular *wakizi *wakaiz *wak *wakazai *wakaizau
3rd singular *wakidi *wakai *wakadau *wakadai *wakaidau
1st dual *wakōz *wakaiw — — —
2nd dual *wakadiz *wakaidiz *wakadiz — —
1st plural *wakamaz *wakaim — *wakandai *wakaindau
2nd plural *wakid *wakaid *wakid *wakandai *wakaindau
3rd plural *wakandi *wakain *wakandau *wakandai *wakaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *wōk *wōkį̄
2nd singular *wōht *wōkīz
3rd singular *wōk *wōkī
1st dual *wōkū *wōkīw
2nd dual *wōkudiz *wōkīdiz
1st plural *wōkum *wōkīm
2nd plural *wōkud *wōkīd
3rd plural *wōkun *wōkīn
present past
participles *wakandz *wakanaz

Descendants

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*wakan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 568
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*waknēnan ~ *waknōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 441: “*wakanan”

Further reading

  • Seebold, Elmar (1970) “WAK-NA-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 535
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