Kroonen supposes a back-formation from the preterite *wulþǭ (compare Old Norse past olla), which continues an extended aorist root, Pre-Proto-Germanic *h₂wl̥h₁-t-,[1] from Proto-Indo-European *h₂welh₁- (“to rule, be strong”).
LIV² posits a *-dʰ-present *wélH-dʰe-ti to the root (there reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to be strong, hold sway”)), from which a Pre-Proto-Germanic iterative *we-wólH-dʰe-ti was derived, in which case it is close cognate to Lithuanian veldėti (“to inherit, possess, govern”) and Old Church Slavonic власти (vlasti, “to rule”).[2]
*waldaną
The original preterite seems to have been weakly inflected like a preterite-present verb, as seen in Old Norse.
active voice | passive voice | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive |
1st singular | — | — | — | — | — |
2nd singular | — | — | — | — | — |
3rd singular | — | — | — | — | — |
1st dual | — | — | — | — | — |
2nd dual | — | — | — | — | — |
1st plural | — | — | — | — | — |
2nd plural | — | — | — | — | — |
3rd plural | — | — | — | — | — |
past tense | indicative | subjunctive | |||
1st singular | *wulþǭ | *wulþēdį̄ | |||
2nd singular | *wulþēz | *wulþēdīz | |||
3rd singular | *wulþē | *wulþēdī | |||
1st dual | *wulþēdū | *wulþēdīw | |||
2nd dual | *wulþēdudiz | *wulþēdīdiz | |||
1st plural | *wulþēdum | *wulþēdīm | |||
2nd plural | *wulþēdud | *wulþēdīd | |||
3rd plural | *wulþēdun | *wulþēdīn | |||
present | past | ||||
participles | — | *wulþaz |