Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wardāną
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From *warduz (“a guard”) + *-āną or *wardō (“protection”) + *-āną, both ultimately from the same root.
Verb
*wardāną
- to guard, protect, watch over
Inflection
| active voice | passive voice | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | indicative | subjunctive | imperative | indicative | subjunctive | |
| 1st singular | *wardō | ? | — | ? | ? | |
| 2nd singular | *wardaisi | ? | *wardai | *wardāsai | ? | |
| 3rd singular | *wardaiþi | ? | *wardāþau | *wardāþai | ? | |
| 1st dual | *wardōs | ? | — | — | — | |
| 2nd dual | *wardāþiz | ? | *wardāþiz | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *wardāmaz | ? | — | *wardānþai | ? | |
| 2nd plural | *wardaiþ | ? | *wardaiþ | *wardānþai | ? | |
| 3rd plural | *wardānþi | ? | *wardānþau | *wardānþai | ? | |
| past tense | indicative | subjunctive | ||||
| 1st singular | *wardadǭ | *wardadēdį̄ | ||||
| 2nd singular | *wardadēz | *wardadēdīz | ||||
| 3rd singular | *wardadē | *wardadēdī | ||||
| 1st dual | *wardadēdū | *wardadēdīw | ||||
| 2nd dual | *wardadēdudiz | *wardadēdīdiz | ||||
| 1st plural | *wardadēdum | *wardadēdīm | ||||
| 2nd plural | *wardadēdud | *wardadēdīd | ||||
| 3rd plural | *wardadēdun | *wardadēdīn | ||||
| present | past | |||||
| participles | *wardāndz | *wardadaz | ||||
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *wardēn
- Old Norse: varða
- → Proto-Finnic: *vartodak (see there for further descendants)
- → Proto-Samic: *vuortētēk (see there for further descendants)
References
- ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*warđōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 448