Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/werþaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Pre-Germanic *wértos, probably derived from Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”) through a meaning of “exchange”, a development also seen in Celtic.
Pronunciation
Adjective
*werþaz
Inflection
Declension of *werþaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *werþaz | *werþai | *werþō | *werþôz | *werþą, -atō | *werþō |
| Accusative | *werþanǭ | *werþanz | *werþǭ | *werþōz | *werþą, -atō | *werþō |
| Genitive | *werþas, -is | *werþaizǫ̂ | *werþaizōz | *werþaizǫ̂ | *werþas, -is | *werþaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *werþammai | *werþaimaz | *werþaizōi | *werþaimaz | *werþammai | *werþaimaz |
| Instrumental | *werþanō | *werþaimiz | *werþaizō | *werþaimiz | *werþanō | *werþaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *werþô | *werþaniz | *werþǭ | *werþōniz | *werþô | *werþōnō |
| Accusative | *werþanų | *werþanunz | *werþōnų | *werþōnunz | *werþô | *werþōnō |
| Genitive | *werþiniz | *werþanǫ̂ | *werþōniz | *werþōnǫ̂ | *werþiniz | *werþanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *werþini | *werþammaz | *werþōni | *werþōmaz | *werþini | *werþammaz |
| Instrumental | *werþinē | *werþammiz | *werþōnē | *werþōmiz | *werþinē | *werþammiz |
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
- Old English: weorþ
- Old Frisian: werth, werd
- Old Saxon: werth
- Old Dutch:
- Old High German: werd
- Old Norse: verðr, verð
- Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸𐍃 (wairþs), 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌸 (wairþ) (<*werþą)
- → Proto-Finnic: *vërta
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 415