Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wert-

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

    Root

    *wert- (imperfective)[1][2][3]

    1. (intransitive) to turn, to rotate

    Derived terms

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wert- (45 c, 0 e)
    • *wért-t ~ *wr̥t-ént (athematic root aorist)[3]
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    • *wért-e-tor (thematic middle)[3]
      • Proto-Germanic: *werþaną (“to happen, to become”) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wártatay
      • Proto-Italic: *wertō (active verb with transitive meaning, vs. intransitive *wertōr)
        • Latin: vertō (see there for further descendants)
    • *wr̥t-éh₁-ti (éh₁-stative)
    • *wert-ye- (ye-present)
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • *we-wórt-e ~ *we-wr̥t-ḗr (stative)
    • *wort-éye-ti (causative)
    • *wr̥t-ís
      • Proto-Germanic: *wurdiz (“fate”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *wert-en-om
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wertena
        • Proto-Slavic: *verteno (see there for further descendants)
    • *wért-mn̥
    • *wr̥t-tós
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wirstā́ˀ (from feminine *wr̥t-téh₂)
        • Proto-Slavic: *vьrsta (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Italic: *worssos
        • Latin: versus (see there for further descendants)
    • Unsorted formations:
      • Proto-Albanian: *writja[4]
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
        • Proto-Iranian:
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
        • (Baltic:)
        • Proto-Slavic: *vorta (“gate”) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Germanic: *werþaz, *wardaz (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Celtic: *wertos
        • Proto-Brythonic: *gwerθ (possibly Germanic borrowing) (see there for further descendants)

    References

    1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
    2. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 691-692
    4. ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (1998) “rris”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 387
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