Reconstruction:Proto-Hmong-Mien/ɴɢɛuŋ

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 This Proto-Hmong-Mien entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Hmong-Mien

Alternative reconstructions

Ostapirat (2016)[1] reconstructs *ŋ.lˠ- as the initial.

Etymology

Compare 天 (OC *l̥ˤi)

Noun

*ɴɢɛuŋ

  1. sky, heaven

Descendants

  • Hmongic
    • Pa Hng
      • Pa Hng - Gundong 滚董: ʔa⁰³waŋ³³
      • Hm Nai - Mao'ao 毛坳: la⁰³waŋ³³
    • North Hmongic
      • West Xiangxi (Xong) - Layiping 腊乙坪: tɑ³⁵pʐɑ³⁵n̥e³⁵
      • East Xiangxi (Suang) - Xiaozhang 小章: pja⁵³vei³¹
    • East Hmongic
      • North Qiandong - Yanghao 养蒿: vɛ⁵⁵
      • East Qiandong - Caidiwan 菜地湾: qa³³ʑi²²
      • South Qiandong - Yaogao 尧告: kwan¹³ŋo³¹
      • West Qiandong (Raojia) - Heba 河坝: vei⁵⁵
    • Sheic
      • Younuo 优诺: ŋo¹³
      • Jiongnai - Longhua 龙华: ŋkwaŋ³³
      • Bana 巴那: la⁰⁴gwaŋ³¹³
      • She - Xiashuicun 下水村: kwaŋ³¹
    • West Hmongic
      • Bunu
        • Dongnu - Qibainong 七百弄: tɕi³¹ŋkoŋ¹³
        • Nunu - Xishan 西山: koŋ⁴²
        • Numao - Yaolu 瑶麓: ŋkuŋ⁵⁵
      • Core
        • East Luobuohe (Xijia) - Shibanqiao 石板寨: qo⁰⁵ŋɢwaŋ³¹
        • West Luobuohe - Gaozhai 高寨: ʔə⁰²ŋɢwɑŋ³¹
        • Huishui - Gaopo 高坡: ŋqə̃⁵⁵
        • Mashan - Zongdi 宗地: ntoŋ⁵³
        • A-Hmao - Shimenpo 石门坡: ndɦu³⁵
        • Chuanqiandian - Dananshan 大南山: nto³¹
  • Mienic
    • Mien
      • Guangdian (Jiangdi): luŋ³¹
      • Xiangnan (Miaoziyuan): luŋ³¹
    • Kim Mun
      • Diangui (Liangzi): guŋ³³
      • Fanghai (Tansan): guːŋ³³
    • Biao Mon
      • Changping: ðuŋ³¹
      • Luoxiang: guŋ³¹
    • Biao Min
      • Dongshan: lwə³¹
      • Shikou: tʰjen³³
      • Niuweizhai: ɣɯ⁵³
    • Dzao Min (Daping): vaŋ⁵³

References

  1. ^ Ostapirat, Weera (2016) “Issues in the Reconstruction and Affiliation of Proto-Miao-Yao”, in Language and Linguistics‎, volume 17, number 1, →DOI, pages 133–145
  • Ratliff, Martha (2010) Hmong-Mien language history (Studies in Language Change; 8), Camberra, Australia: Pacific Linguistics, →ISBN.
  • Chen, Qiguang (陈其光) (2013) Miao Yao yuwen (苗瑶语文), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社), →ISBN
  • Mao, Zongwu (毛宗武) (2004) Yaozu Mianyu fangyan yanjiu (瑤族勉语方言研究), Beijing: Minzu chubanshe (民族出版社)
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