Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵwelH-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

*ǵwelH- (imperfective)^[1]

1. to burn
2. to shine

• ǵwolH- (charcoal)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ar-
    • Proto-Iranian: *jar-
      • Avestan: 𐬯𐬐𐬀𐬭- (skar-, “charcoal”), 𐬯𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬥𐬀 (skarana, “burned things”)
      • Pashto: سکاره (skārə́)
      • Persian: زغال (zoğâl, “charcoal”), ذغال (zoğâl), ژگال (žogâl), شگال (šogâl), سکار (sakâr)
      • Kurdish:
        • Central Kurdish: خەڵووز (xellûz), زوخاڵ (zuxall)
        • Northern Kurdish: xelûz
        • Laki: ئِسکڵ (iskill)
      • Old Azari: زوال (zuwāl, “charcoal; blaze”) ^[2]
• *ǵwélH-e-ti (thematic root present)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́wálati
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́wálati
      • Sanskrit: ज्वलति (jválati) (see there for further descendants)
• *ǵwl̥H-é-ti (thematic zero-grade root present)
  • Balto-Slavic:
    • Lithuanian: žvìlti
• *ǵwl̥H-o-m
  • Proto-Germanic: *kulą (see there for further descendants)
• *ǵowlH-o-s (post-PIE schwebeablaut variant)
  • Proto-Celtic: *goulos
    • Middle Irish: gúal
      • Irish: gual
      • Manx: geayl
      • Scottish Gaelic: gual