Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)kʷálos

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Sometimes compared with Proto-Uralic *kala, as well as to Proto-Indo-European *kʷel- (“to turn”).[1]

Noun

*(s)kʷálos m[2]

  1. large fish
  2. sheatfish

Inflection

Thematic
singular
nominative *(s)kʷálos
genitive *(s)kʷálosyo
singular dual plural
nominative *(s)kʷálos *(s)kʷáloh₁ *(s)kʷáloes
vocative *(s)kʷále *(s)kʷáloh₁ *(s)kʷáloes
accusative *(s)kʷálom *(s)kʷáloh₁ *(s)kʷáloms
genitive *(s)kʷálosyo *? *(s)kʷáloHom
ablative *(s)kʷálead *? *(s)kʷálomos, *(s)kʷálobʰos
dative *(s)kʷáloey *? *(s)kʷálomos, *(s)kʷálobʰos
locative *(s)kʷáley, *(s)kʷáloy *? *(s)kʷáloysu
instrumental *(s)kʷáloh₁ *? *(s)kʷálōys

Descendants

  • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • Old Prussian: kalis (“sheatfish”)
  • Proto-Germanic: *hwalaz (“whale”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic:
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *(s)káras
  • Proto-Italic:
    • Latin: squalus (“shark”) (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hwali-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 262
  2. ^ Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 147
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