Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)tewp-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Extended from *(s)tew- (“to push, hit”).

*(s)tewp-

1. to push, to stick

• *(s)téwp-e-ti ~ *(s)téwp-o-nti (simple thematic present)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *(s)táwpati
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *(s)táwpati
      • Sanskrit: तोपति (tópati)
    • Proto-Iranian: *stáwpatī
      • Middle Persian: stwbynytn' (/⁠stōwēnīdan⁠/, “to defeat”)
• *(s)tup-yé-ti ~ *(s)tup-yó-nti (zero-grade ye-present)
  • Proto-Albanian:
    • ⇒ Albanian: përtyp (“to chew”), shtyp (“to press”)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *túpťō
    • Ancient Greek: τύπτω (túptō)
• *(s)tup-eh₁-(ye)- (stative)
  • Proto-Italic: *stupēō
    • Latin: stupeō (see there for further descendants)
• *(s)tup-néh₂-ti
  • >? Proto-Germanic: *stuppōną (“to stop, close; to stop up, plug, stuff”)
    • Proto-West Germanic: *stoppōn (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒? *stuppijan (see there for further descendants)
• *(s)tup-ró-s
  • Proto-Italic: *stupros (“struck, hit > dishonoured”)
    • ⇒ Latin: stuprum (“dishonour”, noun) (see there for further descendants)
• *(s)tup-os
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: τύπος (túpos)
• *(s)tup-os ~ *(s)tup-es-
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: στύπος (stúpos)
• Unsorted formations:
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
    • Proto-Slavic: *tъpati
      • Old Church Slavonic: тъпати (tŭpati)
  • >? Proto-Germanic: *staupaz (“steep”) (see there for further descendants)
  • >? Proto-Germanic: *steupa- (“step-”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: δοῦπος (doûpos), ἐρίγδουπος (erígdoupos)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    • Middle Persian: stwb' (/⁠stō⁠/, “distressed, defeated”)
      • Classical Persian: ستوه (sutōh, “struck by strong negative emotion”)