stupeo

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Latin

FWOTD – 25 June 2024

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)tup-éh₁-ye-ti (literally “to be struck”), from *(s)tewp- (“to push, hit”) +‎ *-éh₁yeti (stative verb suffix).[1]

Pronunciation

Verb

stupeō (present infinitive stupēre, perfect active stupuī); second conjugation, no passive, no supine stem

  1. (intransitive) to be stunned, stiffened or benumbed, stop, hesitate
  2. (intransitive) to be dazed, speechless or silenced; to be astounded, confounded, aghast or amazed
  3. (transitive) to be astonished or amazed at, wonder at
    Synonyms: astupeō, admīror, mīror, attonō, obstupēscō, stupēscō, dēfīgō

Usage notes

To convey the phrase of "to surprise," the subject and object have to be reversed, due to there being a lack of passive forms.

Conjugation

   Conjugation of stupeō (second conjugation, no supine stem, active-only)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present stupeō stupēs stupet stupēmus stupētis stupent
imperfect stupēbam stupēbās stupēbat stupēbāmus stupēbātis stupēbant
future stupēbō stupēbis stupēbit stupēbimus stupēbitis stupēbunt
perfect stupuī stupuistī stupuit stupuimus stupuistis stupuērunt,
stupuēre
pluperfect stupueram stupuerās stupuerat stupuerāmus stupuerātis stupuerant
future perfect stupuerō stupueris stupuerit stupuerimus stupueritis stupuerint
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present stupeam stupeās stupeat stupeāmus stupeātis stupeant
imperfect stupērem stupērēs stupēret stupērēmus stupērētis stupērent
perfect stupuerim stupuerīs stupuerit stupuerīmus stupuerītis stupuerint
pluperfect stupuissem stupuissēs stupuisset stupuissēmus stupuissētis stupuissent
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — stupē — — stupēte —
future — stupētō stupētō — stupētōte stupentō
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present stupēre — stupēns —
perfect stupuisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
stupendī stupendō stupendum stupendō — —

Derived terms

Descendants

  • → Italian: stupire

References

  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “stupeō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 593

Further reading

  • “stupeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “stupeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • stupeo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
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