Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-Hō

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

    Alternative reconstructions

    Reconstruction

    In literature this morpheme might be referred to as "Hoffmann's suffix". It is often reconstructed with a *h₃ on the basis of the voice assimilation in the word *h₂ábh₃on- < *h₂ep-h₃on- (“river”), although some authorities might also reconstruct an unspecified laryngeal, *H. Sometimes identified with the root *h₃enh₂- (“onerate”).

    Suffix

    *-Hō[2][3]

    1. Derives adjectives, nouns indicating possession, denoting burden, authority.

    Inflection

    Athematic, amphikinetic
    masculine feminine
    nominative *-Hō *-Hénih₂
    genitive *-Hnés *-Hn̥yéh₂s
    masculine singular dual plural
    nominative *-Hō *-Honh₁(e) *-Hones
    vocative *-Hon *-Honh₁(e) *-Hones
    accusative *-Honm̥ *-Honh₁(e) *-Honm̥s
    genitive *-Hnés *? *-HnóHom
    ablative *-Hnés *? *-Hn̥mós, *-Hn̥bʰós
    dative *-Hnéy *? *-Hn̥mós, *-Hn̥bʰós
    locative *-Hén, *-Héni *? *-Hn̥sú
    instrumental *-Hnéh₁ *? *-Hn̥mís, *-Hn̥bʰís
    feminine singular dual plural
    nominative *-Hénih₂ *-Hénih₂h₁(e) *-Hénih₂es
    vocative *-Hénih₂ *-Hénih₂h₁(e) *-Hénih₂es
    accusative *-Hénih₂m̥ *-Hénih₂h₁(e) *-Hénih₂m̥s
    genitive *-Hn̥yéh₂s *? *-Hn̥yéh₂oHom
    ablative *-Hn̥yéh₂s *? *-Hn̥yéh₂mos, *-Hn̥yéh₂bʰos
    dative *-Hn̥yéh₂ey *? *-Hn̥yéh₂mos, *-Hn̥yéh₂bʰos
    locative *-Hn̥yéh₂, *-Hn̥yéh₂i *? *-Hn̥yéh₂su
    instrumental *-Hn̥yéh₂h₁ *? *-Hn̥yéh₂mis, *-Hn̥yéh₂bʰis
    neuter singular dual plural
    nominative *-Hon *-Honih₁ *-Hō
    vocative *-Hon *-Honih₁ *-Hō
    accusative *-Hon *-Honih₁ *-Hō
    genitive *-Hnés *? *-HnóHom
    ablative *-Hnés *? *-Hn̥mós, *-Hn̥bʰós
    dative *-Hnéy *? *-Hn̥mós, *-Hn̥bʰós
    locative *-Hén, *-Héni *? *-Hn̥sú
    instrumental *-Hnéh₁ *? *-Hn̥mís, *-Hn̥bʰís

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • Hellenic:
    • Indo-Iranian:
    • Italic:
      • Latin: -ō (see there for further descendants)

    References

    1. ^ Clackson, James, Indo-European Word Formation: Proceedings from the International Conference, 2002
    2. ^ Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, first edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 111
    3. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 63
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