Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-wōs
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See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-wós
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
From **-woss (stem + nominative *-s). It was added to the zero-grade form of the perfect stem of a verb.
Suffix
*Cé-(Ø)-wōs
- Forms perfect participles from verbs.
Declension
| Athematic, amphikinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *Cé-(∅)-wōs | *Cé-(∅)-usih₂ | |
| genitive | *Cé-(∅)-usos | *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *Cé-(∅)-wōs | *Cé-(∅)-wosh₁(e) | *Cé-(∅)-woses |
| vocative | *Cé-(∅)-wos | *Cé-(∅)-wosh₁(e) | *Cé-(∅)-woses |
| accusative | *Cé-(∅)-wosm̥ | *Cé-(∅)-wosh₁(e) | *Cé-(∅)-wosm̥s |
| genitive | *Cé-(∅)-usos | *? | *Cé-(∅)-usoHom |
| ablative | *Cé-(∅)-usos | *? | *Cé-(∅)-usmos, *Cé-(∅)-usbʰos |
| dative | *Cé-(∅)-usey | *? | *Cé-(∅)-usmos, *Cé-(∅)-usbʰos |
| locative | *Cé-(∅)-us, *Cé-(∅)-usi | *? | *Cé-(∅)-usu |
| instrumental | *Cé-(∅)-ush₁ | *? | *Cé-(∅)-usmis, *Cé-(∅)-usbʰis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *Cé-(∅)-usih₂ | *Cé-(∅)-usih₂h₁(e) | *Cé-(∅)-usih₂es |
| vocative | *Cé-(∅)-usih₂ | *Cé-(∅)-usih₂h₁(e) | *Cé-(∅)-usih₂es |
| accusative | *Cé-(∅)-usih₂m̥ | *Cé-(∅)-usih₂h₁(e) | *Cé-(∅)-usih₂m̥s |
| genitive | *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂s | *? | *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂oHom |
| ablative | *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂s | *? | *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂mos, *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂bʰos |
| dative | *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂ey | *? | *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂mos, *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂bʰos |
| locative | *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂, *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂i | *? | *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂su |
| instrumental | *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂h₁ | *? | *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂mis, *Ce-(∅)-usyéh₂bʰis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *Cé-(∅)-wos | *Cé-(∅)-wosih₁ | *Cé-(∅)-wōs |
| vocative | *Cé-(∅)-wos | *Cé-(∅)-wosih₁ | *Cé-(∅)-wōs |
| accusative | *Cé-(∅)-wos | *Cé-(∅)-wosih₁ | *Cé-(∅)-wōs |
| genitive | *Cé-(∅)-usos | *? | *Cé-(∅)-usoHom |
| ablative | *Cé-(∅)-usos | *? | *Cé-(∅)-usmos, *Cé-(∅)-usbʰos |
| dative | *Cé-(∅)-usey | *? | *Cé-(∅)-usmos, *Cé-(∅)-usbʰos |
| locative | *Cé-(∅)-us, *Cé-(∅)-usi | *? | *Cé-(∅)-usu |
| instrumental | *Cé-(∅)-ush₁ | *? | *Cé-(∅)-usmis, *Cé-(∅)-usbʰis |
Derived terms
Category Proto-Indo-European adjectives suffixed with *-wōs not found
Descendants
- Proto-Hellenic: *-wōs
- Ancient Greek: -ώς (-ṓs) (with innovated t-stem)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-wās
- Proto-Tocharian:
- Tocharian B: -u
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
See also
References
- Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004, 2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell