Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰewgʰ-

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See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰewg-
 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

    Root

    *bʰewgʰ-[1][2]

    1. to bend
    2. curve, arch

    Derived terms

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰewgʰ- (35 c, 0 e)
    • *bʰéwgʰ-e-ti (thematic present)
      • Proto-Germanic: *beuganą[3] (see there for further descendants)
    • *bʰowgʰ-éye-ti (éye-causative)
    • *bʰugʰ-eh₂-yé-ti (eh₂-denominal causative)
      • Balto-Slavic:
        • ⇒ Proto-Slavic: *bъgati (“to bend”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *bʰugʰ-néh₂-ti (iterative)
      • Proto-Germanic: *bukkōną (“to bend”)[5]
        • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bugô (“bow”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *bʰu-né-gʰ- ~ *bʰu-n̥-gʰ-e-ti (nasal-infix present)
      • Proto-Celtic: *bungeti[6] (see there for further descendants)
    • *bʰéwgʰ-ti-s ~ *bʰugʰ-téy-s
      • Proto-Germanic: *buhtiz (“bend, arch, curve”) (< *bʰúktis) (see there for further descendants)
    • *bʰowgʰ-o-s
      • Proto-Germanic: *baugaz (“bend”) (see there for further descendants)
      • >? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰawgas (seems to reflect *bʰewg-)
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
          • Sanskrit: भोग (bhogá, “winding, curve”)
        • Proto-Iranian: *bawgah
          • Baluchi: بوگ (bōg, “joint, knot”)
      • Proto-Slavic: *bugъ (“armillary”)
      • ⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baugāˀ
        • Latvian: boga (“marshy place at a river”)
        • Proto-Slavic: *buga (“marsh, oxbow lake”)[7]
    • *bʰówgʰ-ro-s
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
        • Latvian: baũgurs
        • Proto-Slavic: *bugrъ (see there for further descendants)
    • >? *bʰowgʰ-ú-s
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
        • Lithuanian: baugùs (“fearful, easily frightened”)[8]
          • ⇒ Lithuanian: bū́gti (“to fear”) (sta-present)
        • ⇒ Proto-Slavic: *bugavъ (“mentally challenged”) (rare)

    With metathesis *gʰewbʰ-:

    • *gʰu-né-bʰ- ~ *gʰu-m-bʰ- (nasal-infix present)
    • *gʰubʰ-néw- ~ *gʰubʰ-nu- (nu-present)
      • Balto-Slavic:
        • Proto-Slavic: *gъ(b)nǫti (see there for further descendants)
    • *gʰowbʰ-eye- (causative/iterative)
      • Balto-Slavic:
        • Proto-Slavic: *gubìti (see there for further descendants)
    Unsorted formations

    References

    1. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰeu̯gʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 85
    2. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “2. bheug-, bheugh-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 152
    3. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “beugan- ~ *būgan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 61
    4. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “baugjan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 55
    5. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*bukk/gōn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 83
    6. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*bu-n-g-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 84
    7. ^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1976), “*buga”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 3 (*bratrьcь – *cьrky), Moscow: Nauka, page 78
    8. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “baugus”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 83
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