Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷétu

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *gʷet- (“resin, gum”) +‎ *-u.

Noun

*gʷétu n

  1. resin, gum

Inflection

Athematic, proterokinetic
singular
nominative *gʷétu
genitive *gʷtéws
singular dual plural
nominative *gʷétu *gʷétwih₁ *gʷétuh₂
vocative *gʷétu *gʷétwih₁ *gʷétuh₂
accusative *gʷétu *gʷétwih₁ *gʷétuh₂
genitive *gʷtéws *? *gʷtéwoHom
ablative *gʷtéws *? *gʷtúmos
dative *gʷtéwey *? *gʷtúmos
locative *gʷtéw, *gʷtéwi *? *gʷtúsu
instrumental *gʷtúh₁ *? *gʷtúmis

Derived terms

  • *gʷétw-ih₂ ~ *gʷtu-yéh₂
    • Proto-Armenian:
      • >? Old Armenian: կեչի (kečʻi), կեծի (keci) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Celtic: *betuyā (“birch”) (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

  • Proto-Celtic: *betu (“birch”)
  • Proto-Germanic: *kweduz (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *gʷetu
    • Osco-Umbrian:
      • →⇒ Latin: bitūmen (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰátu (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) “jatu-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 565: “Idg. *gu̯etu-,”

References

  1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “pei̯(ə)- pī̆- ,”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 480
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Wodtko, Dagmar S. (2017–2018) “Chapter XI: Celtic”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft ; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Celtic, page 1256: “*gu̯et-u-”
  3. ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “*keč‘i”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 358
  4. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*betu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 64-65: “GAUL: *betyo-”
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