Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰoréyeti

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *gʷʰer- (“hot, warm”) +‎ *-éyeti (causative verbal suffix).

Verb

*gʷʰoréyeti (imperfective)^[1]

to heat

Inflection

Imperfective, thematic
3rd singular	*gʷʰoréyeti
3rd plural	*gʷʰoréyonti
Active voice	Present indicative	Past indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*gʷʰoréyoh₂	*gʷʰoréyom	—	*gʷʰoréyōh₂	*gʷʰoréyoyh₁m̥
2nd singular	*gʷʰoréyesi	*gʷʰoréyes	*gʷʰoréye	*gʷʰoréyēsi	*gʷʰoréyoys
3rd singular	*gʷʰoréyeti	*gʷʰoréyet	*gʷʰoréyetu	*gʷʰoréyēti	*gʷʰoréyoyt
1st dual	*gʷʰoréyowos	*gʷʰoréyowe	—	*gʷʰoréyōwos	*gʷʰoréyoywe
2nd dual	*gʷʰoréyetes	*gʷʰoréyetom	*gʷʰoréyetom	*gʷʰoréyētes	*gʷʰoréyoytom
3rd dual	*gʷʰoréyetes	*gʷʰoréyetām	*gʷʰoréyetām	*gʷʰoréyētes	*gʷʰoréyoytām
1st plural	*gʷʰoréyomos	*gʷʰoréyome	—	*gʷʰoréyōmos	*gʷʰoréyoyme
2nd plural	*gʷʰoréyete	*gʷʰoréyete	*gʷʰoréyete	*gʷʰoréyēte	*gʷʰoréyoyte
3rd plural	*gʷʰoréyonti	*gʷʰoréyont	*gʷʰoréyontu	*gʷʰoréyōnti	*gʷʰoréyoyh₁n̥t

Participle	*gʷʰoréyonts
Middle voice	Present indicative	Past indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*gʷʰoréyoh₂er	*gʷʰoréyoh₂e	—	*gʷʰoréyōh₂er	*gʷʰoréyoyh₂e
2nd singular	*gʷʰoréyeth₂er	*gʷʰoréyeth₂e	*gʷʰoréyeso	*gʷʰoréyēth₂er	*gʷʰoréyoyth₂e
3rd singular	*gʷʰoréyetor	*gʷʰoréyeto	*?	*gʷʰoréyētor	gʷʰoréyoyto, gʷʰoréyoyh₁o
1st dual	*gʷʰoréyowosdʰh₂	*gʷʰoréyowedʰh₂	—	*gʷʰoréyōwosdʰh₂	*gʷʰoréyoywedʰh₂
2nd dual	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
3rd dual	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
1st plural	*gʷʰoréyomosdʰh₂	*gʷʰoréyomedʰh₂	—	*gʷʰoréyōmosdʰh₂	*gʷʰoréyoymedʰh₂
2nd plural	*gʷʰoréyedʰh₂we	*gʷʰoréyedʰh₂we	*gʷʰoréyedʰh₂we	*gʷʰoréyēdʰh₂we	*gʷʰoréyoydʰh₂we
3rd plural	*gʷʰoréyontor	*gʷʰoréyonto	*?	*gʷʰoréyōntor	*gʷʰoréyoyro

Participle	*gʷʰoréyomnos

Descendants

Proto-Celtic: *gʷorīti
- Middle Irish: guirid
  - Irish: gor
- Welsh: gwresogi
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰaráyati (though the absence of Brugmann's law lengthening to produce *gʰāráyati implies that this formation may be secondary or that some leveling occurred)^[2]
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gʰaráyati
  - Sanskrit: घरयति (gharáyati) (root घर् (ghar))

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 219-220
^ Monier Williams (1899) “Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰoréyeti”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 376.

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 219-220

[2] Monier Williams (1899) “Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰoréyeti”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 376.

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