Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁widʰéwh₂
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
A derivative of the root *h₁weydʰh₁- (“to separate”), given that widows are irreversibly separated from their husbands.
Noun
*h₁widʰéwh₂ f[1]
Inflection
| Athematic, proterokinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *h₁widʰéwh₂s | ||
| genitive | *h₁widʰwéh₂s | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *h₁widʰéwh₂s | *h₁widʰéwh₂h₁(e) | *h₁widʰéwh₂es |
| vocative | *h₁widʰéwh₂ | *h₁widʰéwh₂h₁(e) | *h₁widʰéwh₂es |
| accusative | *h₁widʰéwh₂m̥ | *h₁widʰéwh₂h₁(e) | *h₁widʰéwh₂m̥s |
| genitive | *h₁widʰwéh₂s | *? | *h₁widʰwéh₂oHom |
| ablative | *h₁widʰwéh₂s | *? | *h₁widʰwéh₂mos, *h₁widʰwéh₂bʰos |
| dative | *h₁widʰwéh₂ey | *? | *h₁widʰwéh₂mos, *h₁widʰwéh₂bʰos |
| locative | *h₁widʰwéh₂, *h₁widʰwéh₂i | *? | *h₁widʰwéh₂su |
| instrumental | *h₁widʰwéh₂h₁ | *? | *h₁widʰwéh₂mis, *h₁widʰwéh₂bʰis |
Alternative reconstructions
- *h₁widʰéweh₂
Reconstruction notes
De Vaan disputes the existence of this word as a feminine noun in PIE, as the Latin and Greek forms point to a thematic adjective *h₁widʰ(h₁)éwos which could be substantivized for people of either gender.[2]
Descendants
- Proto-Albanian: *widewā
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *widewāˀ
- Proto-Celtic: *widwā (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *widuwǭ f (see there for further descendants); *widuwô m
- Proto-Hellenic: *ewítʰewos m; *ewitʰéwā f
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HwidʰáwaH (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *wiðowos (“unmarried”, adjective);[2] *wiðowā f
References
- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “viduus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 676–677: “Latin and Greek show a them adj used for both sexes […] it is unlikely that the f noun was original, and adjectivized without any suffix in Latin and Greek. I therefore assume the primacy of the o-stem adj in PIE.”