Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂énǵʰus

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

From *h₂enǵʰ- (“narrow, tight”) +‎ *-us (Caland system suffix).

Adjective

*h₂énǵʰus[2]

  1. narrow, tight

Inflection

Older proterokinetic pattern:

Athematic, proterokinetic
masculine feminine
nominative *h₂énǵʰus *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂
genitive *h₂n̥ǵʰéws *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂s
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *h₂énǵʰus *h₂énǵʰuh₁(e) *h₂énǵʰewes
vocative *h₂énǵʰu *h₂énǵʰuh₁(e) *h₂énǵʰewes
accusative *h₂énǵʰum *h₂énǵʰuh₁(e) *h₂énǵʰums
genitive *h₂n̥ǵʰéws *? *h₂n̥ǵʰéwoHom
ablative *h₂n̥ǵʰéws *? *h₂n̥ǵʰúmos, *h₂n̥ǵʰúbʰos
dative *h₂n̥ǵʰéwey *? *h₂n̥ǵʰúmos, *h₂n̥ǵʰúbʰos
locative *h₂n̥ǵʰéw, *h₂n̥ǵʰéwi *? *h₂n̥ǵʰúsu
instrumental *h₂n̥ǵʰúh₁ *? *h₂n̥ǵʰúmis, *h₂n̥ǵʰúbʰis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂ *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e) *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂es
vocative *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂ *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e) *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂es
accusative *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂m̥ *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e) *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂m̥s
genitive *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂s *? *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂oHom
ablative *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂s *? *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂mos, *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰos
dative *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂ey *? *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂mos, *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰos
locative *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂, *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂i *? *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂su
instrumental *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂h₁ *? *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂mis, *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *h₂énǵʰu *h₂énǵʰwih₁ *h₂énǵʰuh₂
vocative *h₂énǵʰu *h₂énǵʰwih₁ *h₂énǵʰuh₂
accusative *h₂énǵʰu *h₂énǵʰwih₁ *h₂énǵʰuh₂
genitive *h₂n̥ǵʰéws *? *h₂n̥ǵʰéwoHom
ablative *h₂n̥ǵʰéws *? *h₂n̥ǵʰúmos, *h₂n̥ǵʰúbʰos
dative *h₂n̥ǵʰéwey *? *h₂n̥ǵʰúmos, *h₂n̥ǵʰúbʰos
locative *h₂n̥ǵʰéw, *h₂n̥ǵʰéwi *? *h₂n̥ǵʰúsu
instrumental *h₂n̥ǵʰúh₁ *? *h₂n̥ǵʰúmis, *h₂n̥ǵʰúbʰis

Later hysterokinetic pattern:

Athematic, hysterokinetic
masculine feminine
nominative *h₂n̥ǵʰús *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂
genitive *h₂n̥ǵʰéws *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂s
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *h₂n̥ǵʰús *h₂n̥ǵʰúh₁(e) *h₂n̥ǵʰúes
vocative *h₂n̥ǵʰú *h₂n̥ǵʰúh₁(e) *h₂n̥ǵʰúes
accusative *h₂n̥ǵʰúm *h₂n̥ǵʰúh₁(e) *h₂n̥ǵʰúms
genitive *h₂n̥ǵʰéws *? *h₂n̥ǵʰéwoHom
ablative *h₂n̥ǵʰéws *? *h₂n̥ǵʰéwmos, *h₂n̥ǵʰéwbʰos
dative *h₂n̥ǵʰéwey *? *h₂n̥ǵʰéwmos, *h₂n̥ǵʰéwbʰos
locative *h₂n̥ǵʰéw, *h₂n̥ǵʰéwi *? *h₂n̥ǵʰéwsu
instrumental *h₂n̥ǵʰéwh₁ *? *h₂n̥ǵʰéwmis, *h₂n̥ǵʰéwbʰis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂ *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e) *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂es
vocative *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂ *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e) *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂es
accusative *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂m̥ *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e) *h₂n̥ǵʰéwih₂m̥s
genitive *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂s *? *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂oHom
ablative *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂s *? *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂mos, *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰos
dative *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂ey *? *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂mos, *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰos
locative *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂, *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂i *? *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂su
instrumental *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂h₁ *? *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂mis, *h₂n̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *h₂n̥ǵʰú *h₂n̥ǵʰúyh₁ *h₂n̥ǵʰúh₂
vocative *h₂n̥ǵʰú *h₂n̥ǵʰúyh₁ *h₂n̥ǵʰúh₂
accusative *h₂n̥ǵʰú *h₂n̥ǵʰúyh₁ *h₂n̥ǵʰúh₂
genitive *h₂n̥ǵʰéws *? *h₂n̥ǵʰéwoHom
ablative *h₂n̥ǵʰéws *? *h₂n̥ǵʰéwmos, *h₂n̥ǵʰéwbʰos
dative *h₂n̥ǵʰéwey *? *h₂n̥ǵʰéwmos, *h₂n̥ǵʰéwbʰos
locative *h₂n̥ǵʰéw, *h₂n̥ǵʰéwi *? *h₂n̥ǵʰéwsu
instrumental *h₂n̥ǵʰéwh₁ *? *h₂n̥ǵʰéwmis, *h₂n̥ǵʰéwbʰis

Descendants

  • Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: անձուկ (anjuk, “narrow, tight”)
  • Balto-Slavic:
    • Lithuanian: ankštas
    • Proto-Slavic: *ǫzъkъ (see there for further descendants)
    • → Finnic: *ahtas (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Celtic: *angus (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *anguz (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hánȷ́ʰuš

References

  1. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  2. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
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