Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kaptós
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Alternative forms
- *kh₂ptós[1]
Etymology
Perfect passive participle of the verb *kapyéti (“to be seized, held”).
Equivalent to *kap- (“to seize, hold”) + *-tós (deverbal adjectival suffix).
Adjective
*kaptós (non-ablauting)
Inflection
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *kaptós | *kaptéh₂ | |
| genitive | *kaptósyo | *kaptéh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kaptós | *kaptóh₁ | *kaptóes |
| vocative | *kapté | *kaptóh₁ | *kaptóes |
| accusative | *kaptóm | *kaptóh₁ | *kaptóms |
| genitive | *kaptósyo | *? | *kaptóHom |
| ablative | *kaptéad | *? | *kaptómos, *kaptóbʰos |
| dative | *kaptóey | *? | *kaptómos, *kaptóbʰos |
| locative | *kaptéy, *kaptóy | *? | *kaptóysu |
| instrumental | *kaptóh₁ | *? | *kaptṓys |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kaptéh₂ | *kaptéh₂h₁(e) | *kaptéh₂es |
| vocative | *kaptéh₂ | *kaptéh₂h₁(e) | *kaptéh₂es |
| accusative | *kaptā́m | *kaptéh₂h₁(e) | *kaptéh₂m̥s |
| genitive | *kaptéh₂s | *? | *kaptéh₂oHom |
| ablative | *kaptéh₂s | *? | *kaptéh₂mos, *kaptéh₂bʰos |
| dative | *kaptéh₂ey | *? | *kaptéh₂mos, *kaptéh₂bʰos |
| locative | *kaptéh₂, *kaptéh₂i | *? | *kaptéh₂su |
| instrumental | *kaptéh₂h₁ | *? | *kaptéh₂mis, *kaptéh₂bʰis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kaptóm | *kaptóy(h₁) | *kaptéh₂ |
| vocative | *kaptóm | *kaptóy(h₁) | *kaptéh₂ |
| accusative | *kaptóm | *kaptóy(h₁) | *kaptéh₂ |
| genitive | *kaptósyo | *? | *kaptóHom |
| ablative | *kaptéad | *? | *kaptómos, *kaptóbʰos |
| dative | *kaptóey | *? | *kaptómos, *kaptóbʰos |
| locative | *kaptéy, *kaptóy | *? | *kaptóysu |
| instrumental | *kaptóh₁ | *? | *kaptṓys |
Descendants
- Proto-Celtic: *kaxtos (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *haftaz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *kaptos
- Latin: captus (see there for further descendants)
References
- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN