Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tós

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

    Suffix

    *(Ø)-tós[1]

    1. Creates verbal adjectives from verb stems.

    Inflection

    Thematic
    masculine feminine
    nominative *(Ø)-tós *(Ø)-téh₂
    genitive *(Ø)-tósyo *(Ø)-téh₂s
    masculine singular dual plural
    nominative *(Ø)-tós *(Ø)-tóh₁ *(Ø)-tóes
    vocative *(Ø)-té *(Ø)-tóh₁ *(Ø)-tóes
    accusative *(Ø)-tóm *(Ø)-tóh₁ *(Ø)-tóms
    genitive *(Ø)-tósyo *? *(Ø)-tóHom
    ablative *(Ø)-téad *? *(Ø)-tómos, *(Ø)-tóbʰos
    dative *(Ø)-tóey *? *(Ø)-tómos, *(Ø)-tóbʰos
    locative *(Ø)-téy, *(Ø)-tóy *? *(Ø)-tóysu
    instrumental *(Ø)-tóh₁ *? *(Ø)-tṓys
    feminine singular dual plural
    nominative *(Ø)-téh₂ *(Ø)-téh₂h₁(e) *(Ø)-téh₂es
    vocative *(Ø)-téh₂ *(Ø)-téh₂h₁(e) *(Ø)-téh₂es
    accusative *(Ø)-tā́m *(Ø)-téh₂h₁(e) *(Ø)-téh₂m̥s
    genitive *(Ø)-téh₂s *? *(Ø)-téh₂oHom
    ablative *(Ø)-téh₂s *? *(Ø)-téh₂mos, *(Ø)-téh₂bʰos
    dative *(Ø)-téh₂ey *? *(Ø)-téh₂mos, *(Ø)-téh₂bʰos
    locative *(Ø)-téh₂, *(Ø)-téh₂i *? *(Ø)-téh₂su
    instrumental *(Ø)-téh₂h₁ *? *(Ø)-téh₂mis, *(Ø)-téh₂bʰis
    neuter singular dual plural
    nominative *(Ø)-tóm *(Ø)-tóy(h₁) *(Ø)-téh₂
    vocative *(Ø)-tóm *(Ø)-tóy(h₁) *(Ø)-téh₂
    accusative *(Ø)-tóm *(Ø)-tóy(h₁) *(Ø)-téh₂
    genitive *(Ø)-tósyo *? *(Ø)-tóHom
    ablative *(Ø)-téad *? *(Ø)-tómos, *(Ø)-tóbʰos
    dative *(Ø)-tóey *? *(Ø)-tómos, *(Ø)-tóbʰos
    locative *(Ø)-téy, *(Ø)-tóy *? *(Ø)-tóysu
    instrumental *(Ø)-tóh₁ *? *(Ø)-tṓys

    Synonyms

    Derived terms

    *-eh₂tos

    Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-tós
    Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰidtós
    Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰidʰtós
    Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰudʰtós
    Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dh₃tós
    Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵn̥h₁tós
    Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵn̥h₃tós
    Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰutós
    Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gr̥bʰtós
    Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷm̥tós
    Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁itós
    Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃reǵtós
    Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱlitós
    Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱlutós
    Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kaptós
    Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mr̥tós
    Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pleh₁tós
    Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/plutós
    Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sedtós
    Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sth₂tós
    Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/str̥h₃tós
    Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tl̥h₂tós
    Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/tn̥tós
    Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/widtós
    Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wr̥ǵtós
    Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/yugtós

    Descendants

    • Proto-Albanian: *-tāi
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-tas
      • Proto-Slavic: *-tъ (some past passive participles)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *-tós
    • Proto-Germanic: *-daz (all weak past participles, a few adjectives), *-taz, *-þaz, *-saz (post-consonantal allomorphs)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-tás, *-dás (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *-tos, *-sos (after a dental)

    References

    1. ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
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