Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/yugtós

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

    From *yewg- (“to join, to yoke, to tie together”) +‎ *-tós (deverbal adjectival suffix).

    Adjective

    *yugtós (non-ablauting)

    1. yoked, joined

    Inflection

    Thematic
    masculine feminine
    nominative *yugtós *yugtéh₂
    genitive *yugtósyo *yugtéh₂s
    masculine singular dual plural
    nominative *yugtós *yugtóh₁ *yugtóes
    vocative *yugté *yugtóh₁ *yugtóes
    accusative *yugtóm *yugtóh₁ *yugtóms
    genitive *yugtósyo *? *yugtóHom
    ablative *yugtéad *? *yugtómos, *yugtóbʰos
    dative *yugtóey *? *yugtómos, *yugtóbʰos
    locative *yugtéy, *yugtóy *? *yugtóysu
    instrumental *yugtóh₁ *? *yugtṓys
    feminine singular dual plural
    nominative *yugtéh₂ *yugtéh₂h₁(e) *yugtéh₂es
    vocative *yugtéh₂ *yugtéh₂h₁(e) *yugtéh₂es
    accusative *yugtā́m *yugtéh₂h₁(e) *yugtéh₂m̥s
    genitive *yugtéh₂s *? *yugtéh₂oHom
    ablative *yugtéh₂s *? *yugtéh₂mos, *yugtéh₂bʰos
    dative *yugtéh₂ey *? *yugtéh₂mos, *yugtéh₂bʰos
    locative *yugtéh₂, *yugtéh₂i *? *yugtéh₂su
    instrumental *yugtéh₂h₁ *? *yugtéh₂mis, *yugtéh₂bʰis
    neuter singular dual plural
    nominative *yugtóm *yugtóy(h₁) *yugtéh₂
    vocative *yugtóm *yugtóy(h₁) *yugtéh₂
    accusative *yugtóm *yugtóy(h₁) *yugtéh₂
    genitive *yugtósyo *? *yugtóHom
    ablative *yugtéad *? *yugtómos, *yugtóbʰos
    dative *yugtóey *? *yugtómos, *yugtóbʰos
    locative *yugtéy, *yugtóy *? *yugtóysu
    instrumental *yugtóh₁ *? *yugtṓys

    Descendants

    • Proto-Germanic: *juhtaz (see there for further descendants)
    • Hellenic:
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *yuktás
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *yuktás
      • Proto-Iranian: *yuxtáh
        • Central Iranian:
        • Northeastern Iranian:
          • Bactrian: ιογδιγο (iogdigo /⁠yugdīg ~ yuγδīg⁠/, “pair”) (>*yuxtá-kah)
          • Sogdian: (/⁠yūγd⁠/, “yoke; pair; team”)
            Syriac script: ܝܗݎܬ (ywxt)
        • Northwestern Iranian:
          • Baluchi: جفت (ǰuft), جخت (ǰuxt)
          • Kurdish:
            Central Kurdish: جووت (cût /⁠ǰūt⁠/)
            Northern Kurdish: cot (/⁠ǰōt⁠/)
            Southern Kurdish: جوفت (cuft /⁠ǰuft⁠/) (perhaps borrowed from New Persian)
          • Gilaki: جیت (jīt)
          • Proto-Medo-Parthian: *yuxtáh
            • Parthian: (/⁠yuxt⁠/, “pair; yoked”)
              Manichaean script: (ywxt)
            • Gurani: ھیتە (hīta)
            • Zazaki: cit (/⁠ǰit⁠/)
        • Southwestern Iranian:
          • Middle Persian: (/⁠ǰuxt⁠/, “pair; yoke”)
            Book Pahlavi script: (ywht)
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