جفت

Arabic

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian جفت (jaft).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒaft/

Noun

جَفْت • (jaft) m

1. (obsolete, possibly only of بَلُّوط (ballūṭ, “acorn”)) grilled inner skin
   • a. 1165, ابن التلميذ , edited by Oliver Kahl, The Dispensatory of Ibn At-Tilmīḏ الأقراباذين الكبير (Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science. Texts and Studies; 70), Leiden: Brill, published 2007, →ISBN, page 72 Nr. 80:

     سفوف ممسك للبول
     سعد سنبل أسطوخوذس كندر قشار الكندر جفت البلوط مشوي أجزاء سواء يدق ويجمع ويتناول منه بالغدوات مثقال وآخر النهار مثقال

     A powder which retains urine
     Cyperus, Indian spikenard, French lavender, frankincense and the bark of its tree, and the grilled inner skins of acorn-cups in equal parts. (This) is pounded, brought together, and one miṯqāl from it is taken in the mornings and (again) at the end of the day.

Declension

Etymology 2

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جفت

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From Palestinian dialects, borrowed from Aramaic גיפתא (gip̄tā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒaft/

Noun

جِفْت • (jift) m

1. amurca, pomace of olives

Declension

Etymology 3

From Egyptian dialects, borrowed from Ottoman Turkish چفت (çift).

Alternative forms

• شِفْت (šift)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d͡ʒift/

Noun

جِفْت • (jift) m (plural جُفُوت (jufūt))

1. forceps, tweezers; clamp; inset

Declension

Persian

Etymology 1

From Middle Persian (ywht /⁠ǰuxt⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *yuxtáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yuktás, from Proto-Indo-European *yugtós. Doublet of یوغ (yuğ) and زوج (zowj).

Pronunciation

Noun

جفت • (joft) (plural جفت‌ها (joft-hâ))

1. pair; couple

   Synonym: زوج (zowj)

   جفت جوراب ― joft-e jurâb ― pair of socks

2. mate; partner

   Synonyms: زوج (zowj), همسر (hamsar)

3. even number

   Synonym: زوج (zowj)

   Antonym: فرد (fard)

4. yoke

   Synonym: یوغ (yuğ)

5. Short for جفت جنین (joft-e janin, “placenta”).

Adjective

جفت • (joft)

1. with a matching pair; joined as a couple
   • c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 27—28:

     با لب دمساز خود گر جفتمی
     همچو نی من گفتنیها گفتمی‌‌
     هر که او از هم زبانی شد جدا
     بی‌‌زبان شد گر چه دارد صد نوا

     bā lab-i damsāz-i xwad gar juft-amē
     hamčō nay man guftanī-hā guftamē
     har ki ō az ham zabānī šud judā
     bē-zabān šud gar či dārad sad nawā

     Were I joined to the lip of one in accord with me,
     I too, like the reed, would tell all that may be told;
     whoever is parted from one who speaks his language
     Becomes dumb, though he have a hundred songs.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

2. even (of numbers)

Derived terms

Descendants

Etymology 2

Uncertain. Regard Sanskrit चाप (cāpa, “bow; arc”), Persian چپ (čap, “left”), چپه (čape, “topped over”), Old Armenian ճապուկ (čapuk, “supple”), Sangisari, Semnani, Lasgerdi, Sorkhrudi Mazanderani چفت (čeft, “sheepfold”), Shahmirzadi چفت (čoft, “sheepfold”), Shughni чаг̌ (čaɣ̌, “reed”), Chagatai چیغ (çığ, “reed, any stiff steppe grass; a mat or screen from stiff grass and sticks used as a covering of tents”), also borrowed into Persian as چیق (čiq) and Russian чий (čij), and Classical Syriac ܓܦܬܐ (gəp̄ettā, “vine”) akin to Arabic جَفْنَة (jafna).

Alternative forms

• جفته (jafta), چفت (čaft), چفته (čafta), چفد (čafd), چفده (čafda), چخت (čaxt, čuxt), چخد (čuxd)

Pronunciation

Noun

جفت • (jaft) (plural جفت‌ها (jaft-hâ)) (obsolete)

1. trellis, espalier
2. a bunch of grapes
3. roof, especially a bowed one
4. inner skin, rind, bast (possibly only of بَلُّوط (balūt, “acorns”), because of their “cups”)

Adjective

جفت • (jaft)

1. curved, arcuate, bent, doubled
2. wrinkled
3. toasted

Further reading

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 404b
• Johnson, Francis (1852) “جفت”, in A Dictionary, Persian, Arabic, and English, London: Wm. H. Allen and Co., page 431b
• Monchi-Zadeh, Davoud (1990) Wörter aus Xurāsān und ihre Herkunft (Acta Iranica; 29)‎ (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, pages 34–35 Nr. 89
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “جفت”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul, page 364
• Vullers, Johann August (1855) “جفت”, in Lexicon Persico-Latinum etymologicum cum linguis maxime cognatis Sanscrita et Zendica et Pehlevica comparatum, e lexicis persice scriptis Borhâni Qâtiu, Haft Qulzum et Bahâri agam et persico-turcico Farhangi-Shuûrî confectum, adhibitis etiam Castelli, Meninski, Richardson et aliorum operibus et auctoritate scriptorum Persicorum adauctum‎ (in Latin), volume I, Gießen: J. Ricker, pages 518–519