Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ksew-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Reanalysed root of *kés-u-s ~ *ks-éw-s, from *kes- (“to scrape, comb”) +‎ *-us.

*ksew- (imperfective)^[1][2][3]

1. to scrape, shave, sharpen

• *kséw-ti ~ *ksu-énti (athematic present)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *skutei (“to shave”) (metathesis)^[1]
    • Latvian: skũt, skuvu (1sg.pret.)
    • Lithuanian: skutù, skùsti^[2]
• *ksu-yé-ti (*yé-present)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *ksuyō
    • Ancient Greek: ξύω (xúō, “to shave, smooth, scratch”)
• *ksḗw-s-t ~ *kséw-s-n̥t (*s-aorist)^[2]
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: ξέσαι (xésai)
• *ksow-éye-ti (“to scrape”, éye-causative)^[3]
  • Proto-Italic: *(k)sawejō^[3]
    • Latin: sauciō (“I wound; I trim”) (see there for further descendants)
• *ksów-no-m^[1]
  • Proto-Hellenic: *ksównon
    • Ancient Greek: ξόανον (xóanon)
• *ksow-ó-s (“scraping”)^[3]
  • Proto-Italic: *(k)sawos (“wound”)^[3]
    • Latin: saucius (< *sawVkio- < *ksow-Vk-^[3]) (see there for further descendants)
• *ksu-ró-s^[3]
  • Proto-Hellenic: *ksurón
    • Ancient Greek: ξυρόν (xurón)
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kšurás (see there for further descendants)
• *ksu-lo-
  • Proto-Hellenic: *ksúlon
    • Ancient Greek: ξύλον (xúlon)
• *ksu-téh₂
  • >? Proto-Celtic: *skutā (with metathesis)
    • Old Irish: scoth (“point, tip, edge”)
      • Middle Irish: scoth
        • Irish: scoth
        • ⇒ Middle Irish: scothaid (“to cut, lop off”)

Extensions

• >? *ksew-d- (“to crush into pieces, disintegrate”)