Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/mréǵʰus
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Alternative forms
- *mr̥ǵʰús (later)
Etymology
From *mreǵʰ- (“short”) + *-us (Caland system suffix).
Adjective
Inflection
Older proterokinetic pattern:
| Athematic, proterokinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *mréǵʰus | *mr̥ǵʰéwih₂ | |
| genitive | *mr̥ǵʰéws | *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *mréǵʰus | *mréǵʰuh₁(e) | *mréǵʰewes |
| vocative | *mréǵʰu | *mréǵʰuh₁(e) | *mréǵʰewes |
| accusative | *mréǵʰum | *mréǵʰuh₁(e) | *mréǵʰums |
| genitive | *mr̥ǵʰéws | *? | *mr̥ǵʰéwoHom |
| ablative | *mr̥ǵʰéws | *? | *mr̥ǵʰúmos, *mr̥ǵʰúbʰos |
| dative | *mr̥ǵʰéwey | *? | *mr̥ǵʰúmos, *mr̥ǵʰúbʰos |
| locative | *mr̥ǵʰéw, *mr̥ǵʰéwi | *? | *mr̥ǵʰúsu |
| instrumental | *mr̥ǵʰúh₁ | *? | *mr̥ǵʰúmis, *mr̥ǵʰúbʰis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *mr̥ǵʰéwih₂ | *mr̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e) | *mr̥ǵʰéwih₂es |
| vocative | *mr̥ǵʰéwih₂ | *mr̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e) | *mr̥ǵʰéwih₂es |
| accusative | *mr̥ǵʰéwih₂m̥ | *mr̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e) | *mr̥ǵʰéwih₂m̥s |
| genitive | *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂s | *? | *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂oHom |
| ablative | *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂s | *? | *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂mos, *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰos |
| dative | *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂ey | *? | *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂mos, *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰos |
| locative | *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂, *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂i | *? | *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂su |
| instrumental | *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂h₁ | *? | *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂mis, *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *mréǵʰu | *mréǵʰwih₁ | *mréǵʰuh₂ |
| vocative | *mréǵʰu | *mréǵʰwih₁ | *mréǵʰuh₂ |
| accusative | *mréǵʰu | *mréǵʰwih₁ | *mréǵʰuh₂ |
| genitive | *mr̥ǵʰéws | *? | *mr̥ǵʰéwoHom |
| ablative | *mr̥ǵʰéws | *? | *mr̥ǵʰúmos, *mr̥ǵʰúbʰos |
| dative | *mr̥ǵʰéwey | *? | *mr̥ǵʰúmos, *mr̥ǵʰúbʰos |
| locative | *mr̥ǵʰéw, *mr̥ǵʰéwi | *? | *mr̥ǵʰúsu |
| instrumental | *mr̥ǵʰúh₁ | *? | *mr̥ǵʰúmis, *mr̥ǵʰúbʰis |
Later hysterokinetic pattern:
| Athematic, hysterokinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *mr̥ǵʰús | *mr̥ǵʰéwih₂ | |
| genitive | *mr̥ǵʰéws | *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *mr̥ǵʰús | *mr̥ǵʰúh₁(e) | *mr̥ǵʰúes |
| vocative | *mr̥ǵʰú | *mr̥ǵʰúh₁(e) | *mr̥ǵʰúes |
| accusative | *mr̥ǵʰúm | *mr̥ǵʰúh₁(e) | *mr̥ǵʰúms |
| genitive | *mr̥ǵʰéws | *? | *mr̥ǵʰéwoHom |
| ablative | *mr̥ǵʰéws | *? | *mr̥ǵʰéwmos, *mr̥ǵʰéwbʰos |
| dative | *mr̥ǵʰéwey | *? | *mr̥ǵʰéwmos, *mr̥ǵʰéwbʰos |
| locative | *mr̥ǵʰéw, *mr̥ǵʰéwi | *? | *mr̥ǵʰéwsu |
| instrumental | *mr̥ǵʰéwh₁ | *? | *mr̥ǵʰéwmis, *mr̥ǵʰéwbʰis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *mr̥ǵʰéwih₂ | *mr̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e) | *mr̥ǵʰéwih₂es |
| vocative | *mr̥ǵʰéwih₂ | *mr̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e) | *mr̥ǵʰéwih₂es |
| accusative | *mr̥ǵʰéwih₂m̥ | *mr̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e) | *mr̥ǵʰéwih₂m̥s |
| genitive | *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂s | *? | *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂oHom |
| ablative | *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂s | *? | *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂mos, *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰos |
| dative | *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂ey | *? | *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂mos, *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰos |
| locative | *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂, *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂i | *? | *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂su |
| instrumental | *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂h₁ | *? | *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂mis, *mr̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *mr̥ǵʰú | *mr̥ǵʰúyh₁ | *mr̥ǵʰúh₂ |
| vocative | *mr̥ǵʰú | *mr̥ǵʰúyh₁ | *mr̥ǵʰúh₂ |
| accusative | *mr̥ǵʰú | *mr̥ǵʰúyh₁ | *mr̥ǵʰúh₂ |
| genitive | *mr̥ǵʰéws | *? | *mr̥ǵʰéwoHom |
| ablative | *mr̥ǵʰéws | *? | *mr̥ǵʰéwmos, *mr̥ǵʰéwbʰos |
| dative | *mr̥ǵʰéwey | *? | *mr̥ǵʰéwmos, *mr̥ǵʰéwbʰos |
| locative | *mr̥ǵʰéw, *mr̥ǵʰéwi | *? | *mr̥ǵʰéwsu |
| instrumental | *mr̥ǵʰéwh₁ | *? | *mr̥ǵʰéwmis, *mr̥ǵʰéwbʰis |
Derived terms
- *mr̥ǵʰu-gʷih₃w-o-s (“short-lived”)
- Proto-Hellenic: *brəkʰugʷīwos
- Ancient Greek: βρᾰχῠ́βῐος (brakhúbios)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mr̥ȷ́ʰuǰiHwas
- Proto-Iranian: *mr̥juǰiHwah
- Avestan: 𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬰𐬎𐬘𐬎𐬎𐬀 (mərəzujuua)
- Proto-Iranian: *mr̥juǰiHwah
- Proto-Hellenic: *brəkʰugʷīwos
Descendants
- Proto-Germanic: *murguz (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *brəkʰús
- Ancient Greek: βραχύς (brakhús)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *mr̥ȷ́ʰúš (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Italic: *breɣʷis (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Slavic: *bъ̑rzъ (likely)
References
- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “brevis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 75
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*bъ̑rzъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 70: “adj. o (c) ‘fast’”