Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/upér

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative forms

Etymology

    From *úp (“above”) +‎ *-er (locative adverbial suffix). From the same root as *úp-o (“up”). For the suffix compare *n̥dʰ-ér (“under”), *kʷó-r (“where?”), *tó-r (“there”).[1]

    Adverb

    *upér[2]

    1. above
    2. over

    Derived terms

    • *upér-i (“over, above”, adverb) (with additional locative suffix *-i)
      • Proto-Armenian: *uwéri
      • Proto-Germanic: *ubiri (preposition)
      • ⇒ Proto-Hellenic: *hupéri
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *upári (see there for further descendants)
    • *uper-yo-
      • Proto-Armenian: *uwérǰo-
    • *úper-os (“upper, higher”, adjective)

    Descendants

    References

    1. ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) “*upér ‘oben, darüber; hinauf’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, pages 835-38
    2. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 248
    3. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*ufor-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 398
    4. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “super”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 600
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