Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wṓkʷs

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

    From o-grade root noun of *wekʷ- (“to speak”).

    Noun

    *wṓkʷs f (oblique stem *wokʷ-)[1][2]

    1. voice, speech

    Inflection

    Athematic, acrostatic
    singular
    nominative *wṓkʷs
    genitive *wókʷs
    singular dual plural
    nominative *wṓkʷs *wókʷh₁(e) *wókʷes
    vocative *wókʷ *wókʷh₁(e) *wókʷes
    accusative *wókʷm̥ *wókʷh₁(e) *wókʷm̥s
    genitive *wókʷs *? *wókʷoHom
    ablative *wókʷs *? *wókʷmos, *wókʷbʰos
    dative *wókʷey *? *wókʷmos, *wókʷbʰos
    locative *wókʷ, *wókʷi *? *wókʷsu
    instrumental *wókʷh₁ *? *wókʷmis, *wókʷbʰis

    Descendants

    • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
      • Old Prussian: wackis (“outcry”)[3]
      • (possibly) Latvian: vāci (“Germans”)
      • (possibly) Lithuanian: vokietis (“German”)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *wókʷs[2]
      • Ancient Greek: ὄψ (óps)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wā́kš (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *wōks[1] (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Tocharian: *wek (see there for further descendants)

    Derived terms

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “vōx”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 691-692
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ὄψ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1138-1139
    3. ^ Mažiulis, Vytautas (1988–1997) “wackis”, in Prūsų kalbos etimologijos žodynas [Etymological dictionary of Old Prussian]‎ (in Lithuanian), Vilnius
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